Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33988702›Full record

ArticleSocial cognitive and affective neuroscience2021

Visceromotor roots of aesthetic evaluation of pain in art: an fMRI study.

Martina Ardizzi, Francesca Ferroni, Maria Alessandra Umiltà, Chiara Pinardi, Antonino Errante, Francesca Ferri, Elisabetta Fadda, Vittorio Gallese

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 31% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. A transdisciplinary framework for empathy research.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Art promotes exploration of negative content.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Martina ArdizziDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9185-6784
Francesca FerroniDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy.
Maria Alessandra UmiltàNeuroscience & Humanities Lab, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy.
Chiara PinardiDepartment of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy.
Antonino ErranteDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy.
Francesca FerriDepartment of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
Elisabetta FaddaNeuroscience & Humanities Lab, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy.
Vittorio GalleseDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy.
University of Parma · ITFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta · ITUniversity of Chieti-Pescara · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Empathy for pain involves sensory and visceromotor brain regions relevant also in the first-person pain experience. Focusing on brain activations associated with vicarious experiences of pain triggered by artistic or non-artistic images, the present study aims to investigate common and distinct brain activation patterns associated with these two vicarious experiences of pain and to assess whether empathy for pain brain regions contributes to the formation of an aesthetic judgement (AJ) in non-art expert observers. Artistic and non-artistic facial expressions (painful and neutral) were shown to participants inside the scanner and then aesthetically rated in a subsequent behavioural session. Results showed that empathy for pain brain regions (i.e. bilateral insular cortex, posterior sector of the anterior cingulate cortex and the anterior portion of the middle cingulate cortex) and bilateral inferior frontal gyrus are commonly activated by artistic and non-artistic painful facial expressions. For the artistic representation of pain, the activity recorded in these regions directly correlated with participants' AJ. Results also showed the distinct activation of a large cluster located in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus for non-artistic stimuli. This study suggests that non-beauty-specific mechanisms such as empathy for pain are crucial components of the aesthetic experience of artworks.

Indexed as

BrainMagnetic Resonance ImagingBrain MappingEmpathyEstheticsHumansPainanterior insulaartcingulate cortexinferior frontal gyruspain

Identifiers

PMID33988702
PMCPMC8599194
OpenAlexW3163640700

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.