ArticleInflammatory bowel diseases2022
Trends in U.S. Health Care Spending on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 1996-2016.
Article in Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06424769 (Improving Outcomes and Reducing Disparities for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Through Epidemiology and Enhanced Disease Management), which is not on this map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Improving Outcomes and Reducing Disparities for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Through Epidemiology and Enhanced Disease Management (PROMOTE IBD)
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using E-health Technologies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2023Pooled it
- Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm (REBYOTA®), for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Participants With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in PUNCH CD3-OLS.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2025Trial
- Effects of Age on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Presentation and Management in Older Adults.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- Machine learning prediction of increased healthcare utilization in colectomy for inflammatory bowel disease.International journal of colorectal disease · 2026Article
- Responsible laboratory surveillance of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease on biologic infusion therapy.JPGN reports · 2026Article
- Biologic dose escalation in inflammatory bowel disease in the United States.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
- Short Ileal Microvillus Length Phenotype Associates with Progression from Inflammatory to Complicated Disease Behavior in Pediatric Crohn's Disease.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2026Article
- Cross-Sectional Imaging Features Associated With Disease Progression in Crohn's Disease.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2026Article
- Characteristics of gut microbiota and metabolites in patients with ulcerative colitis with fatigue.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Microplastic exposure is associated with enhanced PI3K-Akt signaling in DSS-induced colitis: integrated bioinformatics analyses andFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Review
- Shifting burden of inflammatory bowel disease in women of childbearing age: from high-income to low-income countries (1990-2021).BMJ open · 2025Observational
- Mobile health technologies in inflammatory bowel disease: a narrative review.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Healthcare Access for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States: A Survey by the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2025Article
- The multifaceted role of sirtuins in inflammatory bowel diseases.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2025Review
- Interactions betweeniMetaOmics · 2025Article
- The Efficacy of Ayurvedic Herbs in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Scoping Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- The Bidirectional Effects of Periodontal Disease and Oral Dysbiosis on Gut Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2025Observational
- Deep Learning for Classification of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity in Whole Slide Images of Colonic Histopathology.The American journal of pathology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are rising in prevalence and are associated with high health care costs. We estimated trends in U.S. health care spending in patients with IBD between 1996 and 2016.
methodsWe used data on national health care spending developed by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluations for the Disease Expenditure Project. We estimated corresponding U.S. age-specific prevalence of IBD from the Global Burden of Diseases Study. From these 2 sources, we estimated prevalence-adjusted, temporal trends in U.S. health care spending in patients with IBD, stratified by age groups (<20 years, 20-44 years, 45-64 years, ≥65 years) and by type of care (ambulatory, inpatient, emergency department [ED], pharmaceutical prescriptions, and nursing care), using joinpoint regression, expressed as an annual percentage change (APC) with 95% confidence intervals.
resultsOverall, annual U.S. health care spending on IBD increased from $6.4 billion (95% confidence interval, 5.7-7.4) in 1996 to $25.4 billion (95% confidence interval, 22.4-28.7) in 2016, corresponding to a per patient increase in annual spending from $5714 to $14,033. Substantial increases in per patient spending on IBD were observed in patients aged ≥45 years. Between 2011 and 2016, inpatient and ED care accounted for 55.8% of total spending and pharmaceuticals accounted for 19.9%, with variation across age groups (inpatient/ED vs pharmaceuticals: ages ≥65 years, 57.6% vs 11.2%; ages 45-64 years, 49.5% vs 26.9%; ages 20-44 years, 59.2% vs 23.6%).
conclusionsEven after adjusting for rising prevalence, U.S. health care spending on IBD continues to progressively increase, primarily in middle-aged and older adults, with unplanned health care utilization accounting for the majority of costs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.