ArticleCryo letters
PERSPECTIVE: Critical Cooling and Warming Rates as a Function of CPA Concentration.
Article in Cryo letters. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- A High-Throughput Platform for Measuring and Predicting Vitrification Behavior in Multicomponent Aqueous Solutions.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- A high throughput platform for measuring and predicting vitrification behavior in multicomponent aqueous solutions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Pressure enhanced dual-solid-surface ultra-rapid cooling improves post-thaw recovery in hepatocytes and precision cut liver slices.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Vitrification and rapid rewarming of precision-cut liver slices for pharmacological and biomedical research.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- Thermodynamic Principles of Emerging Cryopreservation Technologies.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- High-throughput evaluation of cryoprotective agents for mixture effects that reduce toxicity.Cryobiology · 2025Article
- Automated device for rapid sample cooling via controlled submersion.Cryobiology · 2025Article
- Kidney tissue loading reduces the critical cooling and warming rates of VS55 and VMP cryoprotective solutions.Cryobiology · 2024Article
- [Droplet freeze-thawing system based on solid surface vitrification and laser rewarming].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2023Article
- Cryopreservation and revival of Hawaiian stony corals using isochoric vitrification.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Cryopreservation of Whole Rat Livers by Vitrification and Nanowarming.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2023Article
- Cryopreservation of tissues and organs: present, bottlenecks, and future.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- Rapid joule heating improves vitrification based cryopreservation.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Article
- Ultra-Rapid Laser Calorimetry for the Assessment of Crystallization in Low-Concentration Cryoprotectants.Journal of heat transfer · 2022Article
- Photothermal heating of titanium nitride nanomaterials for fast and uniform laser warming of cryopreserved biomaterials.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Vitrification Ability of Combined and Single Cryoprotective Agents.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cryopreservation of NK and T Cells Without DMSO for Adoptive Cell-Based Immunotherapy.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2021Review
- Lipid Remodeling Confers Osmotic Stress Tolerance to Embryogenic Cells during Cryopreservation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cryoprotective agents (CPAs) are routinely applied in cryopreservation protocols to achieve the vitrified state thereby avoiding the damaging effects of ice crystals. Once the CPA has been added, the system needs to cool at a rate ≥ critical cooling rate (CCR) to avoid ice crystallization and successfully enter the vitrified state. Subsequently, upon warming the system needs to meet or exceed a critical warming rate (CWR), often one to two orders of magnitude higher than the CCR, to avoid ice formation and return the system to physiological temperatures for use. Many experimental and theoretical studies have been published on CCRs and CWRs, and correlation for these rates as a function of concentration has been explored for some single component CPAs, but not the CPA cocktails which are commonly used in tissue and organ cryopreservation. In this paper, we summarize the available data of CCRs and CWRs for a variety of CPAs, and suggest a convenient mathematical expression for CCR and CWR that can guide general use for cryoprotective protocol, but also highlights the critical need for further study on CPA cocktails and tissue systems in which CPAs may behave differently and/or may not be fully equilibrated to the loaded CPA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
33988646PMC10186587What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.