ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2021
Epidemiology of human West Nile virus infections in the European Union and European Union enlargement countries, 2010 to 2018.
Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 72 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modelling the risk of West Nile virus infection in seven European countries from published serological and case notification data, 2008 to 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- The increasing complexity of arbovirus serology: An in-depth systematic review on cross-reactivity.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Pooled it
- West Nile virus: epidemiology, prevention, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and open research questions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Life-history traits associated to West Nile virus seroprevalence in wild birds: Lessons from the recent outbreaks in Spain.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Endemic progression of autochthonous West Nile virus infections in Europe.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2026Review
- Cocirculation of endemic and recently introduced West Nile Virus lineage 1 clades in Southern Spain.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Meteorological and land-use determinants of Culex pipiens s.l. spatio-temporal dynamics in Northern Italy.Journal of medical entomology · 2026Article
- Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs in 40% of patients with WNV encephalitis in seven new cohorts.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- West Nile Virus: Seroprevalence and Epidemiological Study in Blood Donors in North Central Anatolia Amid Global Threats.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Silent reservoir species are shaping the emergence of Usutu virus.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal and Demographic Patterns of West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease in Vojvodina, Serbia, 2012-2025.Viruses · 2026Article
- Increased incidence of human West Nile and Usutu infections in Austria, 2024: analysis of data from 2009 to 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Vector-Borne Infections in Romania: From Surveillance to Prediction.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Europe Faces Multiple Arboviral Threats in 2025.Viruses · 2025Review
- Three-year assessment of integrated vector management in Attica, Greece: results from surveillance and control activities.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Neurological Presentations of Endemic Tropical Diseases in Central Europe.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs in 40% of patients with WNV encephalitis in seven new cohorts.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- A decade of West Nile virus surveillance in the host and vector populations of Denmark, 2011 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus in Blood Donors in Mainland Portugal.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Detection of West Nile virus via retrospective mosquito arbovirus surveillance, United Kingdom, 2025.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BackgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) circulates in an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds; humans are accidental hosts.AimWe analysed human WNV infections reported between 2010 and 2018 to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control to better understand WNV epidemiology.MethodsWe describe probable and confirmed autochthonous human cases of WNV infection reported by European Union (EU) and EU enlargement countries. Cases with unknown clinical manifestation or with unknown place of infection at NUTS 3 or GAUL 1 level were excluded from analysis.ResultsFrom southern, eastern and western Europe, 3,849 WNV human infections and 379 deaths were reported. Most cases occurred between June and October. Two large outbreaks occurred, in 2010 (n = 391) and in 2018 (n = 1,993). The outbreak in 2018 was larger than in all previous years and the first cases were reported unusually early. The number of newly affected areas (n = 45) was higher in 2018 than in previous years suggesting wider spread of WNV.ConclusionReal-time surveillance of WNV infections is key to ensuring that clinicians and public health authorities receive early warning about the occurrence of cases and potential unusual seasonal patterns. Human cases may appear shortly after first detection of animal cases. Therefore, public health authorities should develop preparedness plans before the occurrence of human or animal WNV infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.