ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2021
Unprecedented increase of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease, Spain, summer 2020.
Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Life-history traits associated to West Nile virus seroprevalence in wild birds: Lessons from the recent outbreaks in Spain.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Ecotypes,bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Predicting West Nile virus circulation: a 20-year spatiotemporal study in humans and animals in Spain, 2003 to 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Serological Evidence of Flavivirus Exposure and Limited Avian Influenza Exposure in Urban House Martins from Southwestern Spain.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Introduction of a European Central-South-Eastern West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Strain in Italy in 2023: Evidence from the First Locally Acquired Neuroinvasive Case in the Calabria Region.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Pharmaceutical Strategies for West Nile Virus in Europe, an Underrecognized Cause of Severe Disease and Mortality in Older Adults: From Supportive Care to Antiviral Development.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Land and climate suitability for West Nile virus in Atlantic archipelagos guided by historical data from Europe.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Field-Collected Belgian Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium Mosquitoes are Competent for West Nile Virus Under Different Temperature Conditions.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Downregulation of thioredoxin-like 1 contributes to miconazole's antiviral activity against West Nile virus.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Long-Term Surveillance ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Infectious disease risk after the October 2024 flash flood in Valencia, Spain: Disaster evolution, strategic scenario analysis, and extrapolative baseline for a One Health assessment.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- West Nile virus transmission in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (Spain): A One-Health surveillance approach.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Spanish West Nile virus isolates of lineages 1 and 2 elicit different patterns of infection in red-legged partridges.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Surveillance of West Nile Virus in Tunisia: Evidence from Human and Entomological Investigation.Viruses · 2025Article
- Rapid-Response Vector Surveillance and Emergency Control During the Largest West Nile Virus Outbreak in Southern Spain.Insects · 2025Article
- New enemies: contribution of CPathogens and global health · 2025Article
- [West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease: A Retrospective Analysis of Hospitalized Cases in a Tertiary Care Center in Southern Europe].Revista de neurologia · 2025Article
- Vector surveillance of avian Plasmodium and West Nile virus in Culex mosquitoes from Doñana, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Reprogramming of liver metabolism during West Nile virus infection unveils novel aspects of disease pathophysiology.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- First autochthonous transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 to humans in Spain.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) in Spain increased in summer 2020. Here we report on this increase and the local, regional and national public health measures taken in response. We analysed data from regional surveillance networks and the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network, both for human and animal West Nile virus (WNV) infection. During the 2020 season, a total of 77 human cases of WNV infection (median age 65 years; 60% males) were detected in the south-west of Spain; 72 (94%) of these cases developed WNND, presenting as meningoencephalitis, seven of which were fatal. In the previous two decades, only six human cases of WNND were detected in Spain. Reduced activities for vector control this season, together with other factors, might have contributed to the massive increase. Public health measures including vector control, campaigns to raise awareness among physicians and the general population, and interventions to ensure the safety of donations of blood products, organs, cells and tissues were effective to reduce transmission. Going forward, maintenance of vector control activities and an update of the vector-borne diseases response plan in Spain is needed.
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