ArticleEMBO reports2021
Sensing of mycobacterial arabinogalactan by galectin-9 exacerbates mycobacterial infection.
Article in EMBO reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recognition and mechanism of M. tuberculosis cell wall galactan transport.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Perspective Approaches to "Trojan Horse" Strategy Development for Combating Bacterial Pathogens.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dynamic magneto-mechanical force in lysosomes induces durable macrophage repolarization for antitumor immunity.Cell research · 2026Article
- Stopping Tuberculosis at the Gate: The Role ofVaccines · 2025Review
- Linear ubiquitination at damaged lysosomes induces local NFKB activation and controls cell survival.Autophagy · 2025Article
- A genome-wide association study identified PRKCB as a causal gene and therapeutic target for Mycobacterium avium complex disease.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Cell-autonomous targeting of arabinogalactan by host immune factors inhibits mycobacterial growth.eLife · 2024Article
- Exploring host-pathogen interactions in the Dictyostelium discoideum-Mycobacterium marinum infection model of tuberculosis.Disease models & mechanisms · 2024Review
- Mycobacterial Rv1804c binds to the PEST domain of IκBα and activates macrophage-mediated proinflammatory responses.iScience · 2024Article
- Role of pattern recognition receptors in sensingHeliyon · 2023Review
- Structure of the priming arabinosyltransferase AftA required for AG biosynthesis ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Deficiency in Galectin-3, -8, and -9 impairs immunity to chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection but not acute infection with multiple intracellular pathogens.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Negative Regulator Nlrc3-like Maintain the Balanced Innate Immune Response During Mycobacterial Infection in Zebrafish.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Arabinogalactan enhancesFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Sensing of mycobacterial arabinogalactan by galectin-9 exacerbates mycobacterial infection.EMBO reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
39 authors at 11 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Mycobacterial arabinogalactan (AG) is an essential cell wall component of mycobacteria and a frequent structural and bio-synthetical target for anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug development. Here, we report that mycobacterial AG is recognized by galectin-9 and exacerbates mycobacterial infection. Administration of AG-specific aptamers inhibits cellular infiltration caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) or Mycobacterium bovis BCG, and moderately increases survival of Mtb-infected mice or Mycobacterium marinum-infected zebrafish. AG interacts with carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) 2 of galectin-9 with high affinity, and galectin-9 associates with transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) via CRD2 to trigger subsequent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) as well as induction of the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Moreover, deletion of galectin-9 or inhibition of MMPs blocks AG-induced pathological impairments in the lung, and the AG-galectin-9 axis aggravates the process of Mtb infection in mice. These results demonstrate that AG is an important virulence factor of mycobacteria and galectin-9 is a novel receptor for Mtb and other mycobacteria, paving the way for the development of novel effective TB immune modulators.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.