ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2021
Cervical cancer screening among sexual minority women: findings from a national survey.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Canadian Guideline on the Management of a Positive Human Papillomavirus Test and Guidance for Specific Populations.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Guideline
- Acceptability and Use of Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Chatbots for Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Lesbian, Bisexual, and Queer Women of Color in the United States: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Disparities in human papillomavirus vaccination uptake across the intersection of disability and sexual orientation.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Advancing equity in cervical cancer screening for sexual and gender minoritized people assigned female at birth (SGM AFAB) in the United States: recommendations from healthcare equity leaders.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Improving cervical screening rates among sexual minorities: Insights from Aotearoa New Zealand.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025Article
- Examining the impact of sex-biased information on health behaviors: a study of HPV vaccination among male college students based on the extended theory of planned behavior.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Assessing Disparities in Cervical Cancer Screening with Pap Test by Disability Types.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2024Article
- Breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of patients from sex and gender minority groups.Translational cancer research · 2023Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women's Health Care Access: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2022Article
- The intersection of sexual orientation with race and ethnicity in cervical cancer screening.Cancer · 2022Article
- "Give me the sense that I matter:" Queer women's recommendations for an ideal cervical cancer screening exam and pathways to screening equity.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeSexual minority women (SMW; lesbian, bisexual, and other women who have sex with women) are at risk for cervical cancer but less likely than non-SMW to receive regular cervical cancer screening (Pap- and/or HPV-testing). We examined factors contributing to receipt of guideline-based cervical cancer screening among SMW.
methodsDuring October 2019, we conducted an online survey of self-identified SMW aged 21-45 years living in the United States (n = 435). We estimated risk differences (RD) in women's likelihood of being within current cervical cancer screening guidelines by sociodemographic and health-related characteristics.
resultsOverall, 75% of respondents were within current screening guidelines. Adjusting for other factors, SMW were more likely to be within guidelines if they were insured (aRD 0.26, 95% CI 0.13, 0.39), had a partner (aRD 0.18, 95% CI 0.09, 0.28), and were older (aRD 0.12, 95% CI 0.04, 0.20). Overall, the most common reasons for not being screened recently were lack of insurance/cost (42%) and perceiving it was unnecessary (28%).
conclusionMany SMW are not being screened for cervical cancer according to guidelines. Findings can inform efforts to improve screening among this population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.