SynthesisRheumatology international2021
The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Rheumatology international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on gout-related and cardiometabolic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scoping review.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Performance of a supervised nurse-led outpatient clinic for difficult-to-manage gout patients at a tertiary center.BMC rheumatology · 2026Article
- Pannexins in the heart: cell-specific expression and contributions to disease.Cell and tissue research · 2026Review
- Increased risk of atrial fibrillation in young adults with gout: a nationwide cohort study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Higher uric acid associated with elevated IL‑6 and IL‑1β levels in older inpatients: a cross‑sectional study.Rheumatology international · 2025Article
- Article
- The Fifth Element: Is Vascular Dysfunction an Intrinsic Feature of Gout?Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2025Review
- Simultaneous determination of lesinurad and co-administered drugs used in management of gout comorbidities to uncover potential pharmacokinetic interaction in rat plasma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Protective role of gout against colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratios are associated with increased flares and elevated cardiovascular disease risk in gout.Scandinavian journal of rheumatology · 2025Article
- Major cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular monosodium urate deposits in atherosclerotic plaques.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Allopurinol use and risk of acute coronary syndrome in gout patients: a population-based cohort study in Sweden.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Advancing Gouty Arthritis Research: The Clinical Value of Complete Blood Cell Count Ratios and Immune-Inflammatory Interactions.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Gout and Hyperuricemia: A Narrative Review of Their Comorbidities and Clinical Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Uncovering the link between inflammatory rheumatic diseases and male reproductive health: a perspective on male infertility and sexual dysfunction.Rheumatology international · 2024Review
- Review: The Role of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Detecting Monosodium Urate Deposits in Vascular Tissues.Current rheumatology reports · 2024Review
- Nurses' roles, interventions, and implications for management of rheumatic diseases.Rheumatology international · 2024Review
- Regulating Lipid Metabolism in Gout: A New Perspective with Therapeutic Potential.International journal of general medicine · 2024Review
- Polymorphism rs3733591 of theFrontiers in genetics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to describe prevalence of cardiovascular disease in gout, compare these results with non-gout controls and consider whether there were differences according to geography. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies reporting prevalence of any cardiovascular disease in a gout population. Studies with non-representative sampling, where a cohort had been used in another study, small sample size (< 100) and where gout could not be distinguished from other rheumatic conditions were excluded, as were reviews, editorials and comments. Where possible meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models. Twenty-six studies comprising 949,773 gout patients were included in the review. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for five cardiovascular diseases: myocardial infarction (2.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI)s 1.6, 5.0), heart failure (8.7%; 95% CI 2.9, 23.8), venous thromboembolism (2.1%; 95% CI 1.2, 3.4), cerebrovascular accident (4.3%; 95% CI 1.8, 9.7) and hypertension (63.9%; 95% CI 24.5, 90.6). Sixteen studies reported comparisons with non-gout controls, illustrating an increased risk in the gout group across all cardiovascular diseases. There were no identifiable reliable patterns when analysing the results by country. Cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent in patients with gout and should prompt vigilance from clinicians to the need to assess and stratify cardiovascular risk. Future research is needed to investigate the link between gout, hyperuricaemia and increased cardiovascular risk and also to establish a more thorough picture of prevalence for less common cardiovascular diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.