ArticleAnnals of translational medicine2021
Intraductal administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea as a novel rodent mammary tumor model.
Article in Annals of translational medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization of carcinogenesis resistance in Anatolian blind mole-rat mesenchymal stem cells and assessment of transcriptomic signatures.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2026Article
- Cardiac Modulation byCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Intraductal chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: a pathway to minimally invasive clinical treatment.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Exploratory Research of Intraductal Chemotherapy to Control the Focal Breast Lesion of Breast Cancer.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2025Article
- Review
- Intraductal photothermal ablation: a noninvasive approach for early breast cancer treatment and prevention.Theranostics · 2024Article
- Large Animal Models of Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChemically induced animal models of breast cancer (BC) using N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) have been widely used in preclinical research. The conventional approach entails intraperitoneal (i.p) or intravenous injection of a carcinogen, leading to tumor induction at unpredictable locations. This study aimed to establish a modified MNU-induced rat mammary tumor model using intraductal (i.duc) administration and to evaluate its biological behavior, morphology, and response to chemotherapy drugs.
methodsIn a pilot experiment, female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected with either i.duc MNU or vehicle to test the feasibility of this approach. We explored the appropriate dosage for stable tumor formation in pubescent female SD rats by testing a single i.duc dose of MNU (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg) or vehicle.
resultsAn i.duc injection of 20 µL (1 mg/per duct) MNU in the fourth rat mammary gland induced stable carcinomas
conclusionsUsing i.duc MNU (20 µL, 1 mg) to establish a rat mammary tumor model resulted in a predictable location in the rat mammary gland and exhibited better consistency; i.duc administration of nab-PTX permitted a smaller drug dose, but produced a better drug response, than i.v injection.
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Registered trials
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