ArticleCognitive development
Mechanisms linking socioeconomic status and academic achievement in early childhood: Cognitive stimulation and language.
Article in Cognitive development. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic Status Disparities in Children's Cognition-Differences in Degree or Kind?Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Pooled it
- Annual Research Review: Associations of socioeconomic status with cognitive function, language ability, and academic achievement in youth: a systematic review of mechanisms and protective factors.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Pooled it
- The association of breastfeeding with cognitive development and educational achievement in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- A Single, Reproducible Dimension Organizes Associations Between the Early Environment and the Developing Brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Changing Longitudinal Associations Between Home-Rearing Environments and Child Developmental Atypicality Across Two Decades.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Early language skills and later internalizing and externalizing behaviours: associations through core and pragmatic language.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- Contextualizing Socioeconomic Status Effects on Adolescent Brain Structure and Cognitive Skills: Evidence From the ABCD Study.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic Differences in Cognitive Ability Across Childhood and Adolescence: An Investigation of Genetic, Individual, and Environmental Factors.Journal of Intelligence · 2026Article
- Investigating hierarchical critical periods in human neurodevelopment.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Early Childhood Education and Care Enhances Cognitive Performance in Later Adolescence Through Non-Cognitive Skills Development and Reduced Truancy.Journal of Intelligence · 2025Article
- Labor migration in rural Nepal Arghakhanchi communities: impacts on left-behind caregivers and children.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Language Development in Preschool Children Living with Chronic Health Conditions: A Cohort Study.Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- The role of socioeconomic status in shaping associations between sensory association cortex and prefrontal structure and implications for executive function.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neural hyperscanning in caregiver-child dyads: A paradigm for studying the long-term effects of facilitated vs. disrupted attention on working memory and executive functioning in young children.Developmental review : DR · 2025Article
- Grandparent support moderates the relation between socioeconomic status and children's cognitive development.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2025Article
- The influence of childhood socioeconomic status on academic engagement among adolescents: the mediating role of internalization of learning motivation and learning burnout.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Exploring the impact of family background and English as a foreign language teachers' feedback literacy on undergraduates' critical thinking styles.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Environmental contributions to cognitive development: The role of cognitive stimulation.Developmental review : DR · 2024Article
- Prenatal current-use pesticide exposure and children's neurodevelopment at one year of age in the Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) birth cohort, Costa Rica.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Language processing following childhood poverty: Evidence for disrupted neural networks.Brain and language · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is a strong positive association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and academic achievement. This disparity may, in part, be explained by differences in early environmental experiences and language development. Cognitive stimulation-including language exposure, access to learning materials, caregiver involvement in children's learning, and variety of experiences-varies by SES and may link SES to language development. Childhood language development in turn is associated with academic achievement. In the current longitudinal study of 101 children (60-75 months), SES was positively associated with cognitive stimulation and performance on language measures. Cognitive stimulation mediated the association between SES and children's language. Furthermore, children's language mediated the association between SES and academic achievement 18 months later. In addition to addressing broader inequalities in access to resources that facilitate caregivers' abilities to provide cognitive stimulation, cognitive stimulation itself could be targeted in future interventions to mitigate SES-related disparities in language and academic achievement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.