ArticleScientific reports2021
Repurposing ketoconazole as an exosome directed adjunct to sunitinib in treating renal cell carcinoma.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repurposing antifungal drugs for Oral squamous cell carcinoma using network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics approaches.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Drug repurposing as a promising therapeutic strategy against renal cell carcinoma.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2026Review
- Review
- Advancements in Osteosarcoma Therapy: Overcoming Chemotherapy Resistance and Exploring Novel Pharmacological Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in tumor immunity: mechanisms and novel insights.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Developing anti-TDE vaccine for sensitizing cancer cells to treatment and metastasis control.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- How Advanced Are Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Cell Carcinoma? For Diagnostic and Therapeutic Frontiers.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Recent progress on tyrosine kinase inhibitors resistance in renal cell carcinoma: another brick in the wall?Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2025Review
- The interplay between the tumor microenvironment and tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer development and therapeutic response.Cancer biology & therapy · 2024Review
- Review
- Exosome inhibition improves response to first-line therapy in small cell lung cancer.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Human adenovirus type 3 restores pharmacologically inhibited exosomal cargo in lung carcinoma cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Exosome in renal cell carcinoma progression and implications for targeted therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Exosomes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal Cell Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Molecular mechanisms of penile traction for penile rehabilitation in a bilateral cavernous nerve crush injury rat model.Translational andrology and urology · 2023Article
- Selective pharmacological inhibition alters human carcinoma lung cell-derived extracellular vesicle formation.Heliyon · 2023Article
- NFX1-123: A potential therapeutic target in cervical cancer.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Importance and implications of exosomes in nephrology and urology.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2023Review
- Extracellular vesicles in renal cell carcinoma: challenges and opportunities coexist.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Current Status of Research on Small Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urological Tumors.Cancers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer, with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) representing about 85% of all RCC tumors. There are limited curable treatments available for metastatic ccRCC because this disease is unresponsive to conventional targeted systemic pharmacotherapy. Exosomes (Exo) are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from cancer cells with marked roles in tumoral signaling and pharmacological resistance. Ketoconazole (KTZ) is an FDA approved anti-fungal medication which has been shown to suppress exosome biogenesis and secretion, yet its role in ccRCC has not been identified. A time-course, dose-dependent analysis revealed that KTZ selectively decreased secreted Exo in tumoral cell lines. Augmented Exo secretion was further evident by decreased expression of Exo biogenesis (Alix and nSMase) and secretion (Rab27a) markers. Interestingly, KTZ-mediated inhibition of Exo biogenesis was coupled with inhibition of ERK1/2 activation. Next, selective inhibitors were employed and showed ERK signaling had a direct role in mediating KTZ's inhibition of exosomes. In sunitinib resistant 786-O cells lines, the addition of KTZ potentiates the efficacy of sunitinib by causing Exo inhibition, decreased tumor proliferation, and diminished clonogenic ability of RCC cells. Our findings suggest that KTZ should be explored as an adjunct to current RCC therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.