ArticleScientific reports2021
Comparing physiological responses during cognitive tests in virtual environments vs. in identical real-world environments.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Wearable Biosensor Technology in Education: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Inflammatory and Cognitive Parameters in Middle-Aged Women with Overweight or Obesity.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Selective spatial attention to competing speakers in azimuth and depth: Evidence from real and virtual environments.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Article
- Designing for Wayfinding in VR: Linking Navigation Interfaces to Spatial Learning and Cognitive Mapping.Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. CHI Conference · 2026Article
- Contextual decoupling in color preference: multimodal evidence from spatial evaluation in makerspaces.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Low Vision Assessment in Virtual Reality (LVAVR): Spatial Computing in Virtual Reality and Real-World.2026 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of early visual processes across presentation modalities: The event-related potential evoked by real-life, virtual reality, and planar objects.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Age-Related Differences in Neural Correlates of Auditory Spatial Change Detection in Real and Virtual Environments.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Brain and Subjective Responses to Indoor Environments Related to Concentration and Creativity.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Health Implications of Virtual Architecture: An Interdisciplinary Exploration of the Transferability of Findings from Neuroarchitecture.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Functional brain connectivity during exposure to the scale and color of interior built environments.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Using spontaneous eye blink-related brain activity to investigate cognitive load during mobile map-assisted navigation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Built environment color modulates autonomic and EEG indices of emotional response.Psychophysiology · 2022Article
- An EEG-Based Investigation of the Effect of Perceived Observation on Visual Memory in Virtual Environments.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Multimodal Assessment of Changes in Physiological Indicators when Presenting a Video Fragment on Screen (2D) versus a VR (3D) Environment.Behavioural neurology · 2022Article
- Using a Nature-Based Virtual Reality Environment for Improving Mood States and Cognitive Engagement in Older Adults: A Mixed-Method Feasibility Study.Innovation in aging · 2022Article
- Health risk assessment of PMScientific reports · 2021Observational
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immersive virtual environments (VEs) are increasingly used to evaluate human responses to design variables. VEs provide a tremendous capacity to isolate and readily adjust specific features of an architectural or product design. They also allow researchers to safely and effectively measure performance factors and physiological responses. However, the success of this form of design-testing depends on the generalizability of response measurements between VEs and real-world contexts. At the current time, there is very limited research evaluating the consistency of human response data across identical real and virtual environments. Rendering tools were used to precisely replicate a real-world classroom in virtual space. Participants were recruited and asked to complete a series of cognitive tests in the real classroom and in the virtual classroom. Physiological data were collected during these tests, including electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), electrooculography (EOG), galvanic skin response (GSR), and head acceleration. Participants' accuracy on the cognitive tests did not significantly differ between the real classroom and the identical VE. However, the participants answered the tests more rapidly in the VE. No significant differences were found in eye blink rate and heart rate between the real and VR settings. Head acceleration and GSR variance were lower in the VE setting. Overall, EEG frequency band-power was not significantly altered between the real-world classroom and the VE. Analysis of EEG event-related potentials likewise indicated strong similarity between the real-world classroom and the VE, with a single exception related to executive functioning in a color-mismatch task.
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