ArticleNature communications2021
Role of neutrophil extracellular traps in radiation resistance of invasive bladder cancer.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delving into the clinical impact of NETs in pediatric cancer.Pediatric research · 2025Pooled it
- Neutrophil extracellular traps predict poor survival in cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on tissue and circulating biomarkers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Replication Stress: A Review of Novel Targets to Enhance Radiosensitivity-From Bench to Clinic.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Tumor-Regional Immune Microenvironment: A Critical Factor in the Design of Radiotherapy-Immunotherapy Combination Trials.International journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Low-dose radiotherapy as an immunomodulator in cancer: dose-specific mechanisms and hybrid high-dose/low-dose strategies.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- A dual-pronged strategy for bacterial keratitis: ROS-responsive hydrogel eye drops enabling potent deep-tissue antibacterial action and NETs modulation.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Tumor Microenvironment: Mechanisms, Immune Regulation, and Implications for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in tumor progression: from mechanistic insights and regulatory factors to clinical detection and diagnosis.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps drive local tumor progression and metastasis following thermal ablation in liver cancer via TLR9-mediated inflammatory feedback and immunosuppression.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- The lethal symbiont: exploring the pathophysiology of cancer.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Review
- Roles of neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer immunotherapy resistance and therapeutic targeting.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Improving Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy by Rewiring Immunosuppressive Neutrophils in Murine Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2026Article
- Radiotherapy and Immune System Interactions Historical Perspectives and Clinical Advancements.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2026Review
- Alveolar macrophage-neutrophil crosstalk in acute lung injury: mechanisms, feedback loops, and therapeutic opportunities.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Identification of ribosomal stress related signature genes and immune microenvironment analysis in ovarian cancer based on multi-machine learning.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in the tumor microenvironment, metastasis, therapy, and beyond: advances, challenges, and perspectives.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- The hypoxic ECM and neutrophils in MIBC immunotherapy resistance.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Article
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cancer Metastasis: From Mechanistic Understanding to Targeted Therapy.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on byUro-Science.2021
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is used in the management of several cancers; however, tumor radioresistance remains a challenge. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are recruited to the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) post-RT and can facilitate tumor progression by forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Here, we demonstrate a role for NETs as players in tumor radioresistance. Using a syngeneic bladder cancer model, increased NET deposition is observed in the TIME of mice treated with RT and inhibition of NETs improves overall radiation response. In vitro, the protein HMGB1 promotes NET formation through a TLR4-dependent manner and in vivo, inhibition of both HMGB1 and NETs significantly delays tumor growth. Finally, NETs are observed in bladder tumors of patients who did not respond to RT and had persistent disease post-RT, wherein a high tumoral PMN-to-CD8 ratio is associated with worse overall survival. Together, these findings identify NETs as a potential therapeutic target to increase radiation efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.