ArticleNPJ vaccines2021
Fentanyl conjugate vaccine by injected or mucosal delivery with dmLT or LTA1 adjuvants implicates IgA in protection from drug challenge.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccinology in the twenty-first century revisited.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- An Engineered Nano-Vesicle Adjuvant Platform (ENAP) for Cytokine Delivery Enables a Novel Antigen-Coordinated Vaccine Against Helicobacter pylori.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- An antifentanyl monoclonal antibody reverses fentanyl-induced apnea in pigs.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Incorporating meningeal immunity into vaccine development.Nature communications · 2025Review
- Precision Adjuvant Strategies in Vaccine Development for Substance Use Disorders: Variability and Mechanistic Insights.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Possible Anti-Pain Vaccines: A Narrative Review of Emerging Strategies and Clinical Prospects.Vaccines · 2025Review
- A novel cationic liposome-formulated toll like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist enhances the efficacy of a vaccine against fentanyl toxicity.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- Nasal and Ocular Immunization with Bacteriophage Virus-like Particle Vaccines Elicits Distinct Systemic and Mucosal Antibody Profiles.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Product and trial design considerations on the path towards a vaccine to combat opioid overdose.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- The development of opioid vaccines as a novel strategy for the treatment of opioid use disorder and overdose prevention.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- The immunological and pharmacokinetic evaluation of Lipid-PLGA hybrid nanoparticle-based oxycodone vaccines.Biomaterials · 2025Article
- Article
- Protocol for measuring anti-fentanyl antibodies in mouse serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.STAR protocols · 2024Article
- Enhancing translation: A need to leverage complex preclinical models of addictive drugs to accelerate substance use treatment options.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Review
- Monoclonal Antibodies Engineered with Fc Region Mutations to Extend Protection against Fentanyl Toxicity.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Is there a role for vaccines in combatting the opioid epidemic?Vaccine insights · 2024Article
- Enhancing Protective Antibodies against Opioids through Antigen Display on Virus-like Particles.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2024Article
- Article
- Recent advances in enterotoxin vaccine adjuvants.Current opinion in immunology · 2023Review
- A TLR7/8 agonist increases efficacy of anti-fentanyl vaccines in rodent and porcine models.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Fentanyl is a major contributor to the devastating increase in overdose deaths from substance use disorders (SUD). A vaccine targeting fentanyl could be a powerful immunotherapeutic. Here, we evaluated adjuvant and delivery strategies for conjugate antigen vaccination with fentanyl-based haptens. We tested adjuvants derived from the heat-labile toxin of E. coli including dmLT and LTA1 by intramuscular, sublingual or intranasal delivery. Our results show anti-fentanyl serum antibodies and antibody secreting cells in the bone-marrow after vaccination with highest levels observed with an adjuvant (alum, dmLT, or LTA1). Vaccine adjuvanted with LTA1 or dmLT elicited the highest levels of anti-fentanyl antibodies, whereas alum achieved highest levels against the carrier protein. Vaccination with sublingual dmLT or intranasal LTA1 provided the most robust blockade of fentanyl-induced analgesia and CNS penetration correlating strongly to anti-FEN IgA. In conclusion, this study demonstrates dmLT or LTA1 adjuvant as well as mucosal delivery may be attractive strategies for improving the efficacy of vaccines against SUD.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.