Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33986065›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2021

Stigma, displacement stressors and psychiatric morbidity among displaced Syrian men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon.

Kirsty Clark, John Pachankis, Kaveh Khoshnood, Richard Bränström, David Seal, Danielle Khoury, Fouad M Fouad, Russell Barbour, Robert Heimer

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Kirsty ClarkSocial and Behavioral Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA kirsty.clark@yale.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-9626-8460
John PachankisSocial and Behavioral Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Kaveh KhoshnoodEpidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Richard BränströmClinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
David SealGlobal Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Danielle KhouryAmerican University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Fouad M FouadAmerican University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Russell BarbourBiostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Robert HeimerEpidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Yale University · USAmerican University of Beirut · LBKarolinska Institutet · SETulane University · US

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
Addressing Disparities in HIV Testing and Care among Displaced MSMR21HD089820 · NICHD · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI HEIMER, ROBERT · 2017 to 2018
$447k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD089820
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDisplaced Syrians face psychiatric morbidity often resulting from displacement-related stressors (eg, resource scarcity). Both men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women among the displaced Syrians are particularly vulnerable to mental health challenges given that they also often face stigma-related stressors (eg, discrimination).

methodsBetween January and December 2019 in greater Beirut, 258 Lebanese-born MSM and transgender women and 230 displaced Syrian MSM and transgender women were recruited via respondent-driven sampling to complete an in-person survey assessing displacement-related stressors, stigma-related stressors, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. In the total sample, we first documented the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among the displaced Syrians; we then assessed associations among displacement-related and stigma-related stressors and each psychiatric outcome.

resultsSixty-three per cent of Syrian participants met criteria for depression compared with 43.8% of Lebanese participants (p<0.001); 21.3% of Syrians met criteria for severe anxiety compared with 13.1% of Lebanese participants (p<0.05) and 33.0% of Syrians met criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder compared with 18.4% of Lebanese participants (p<0.001). Among Syrian MSM and transgender women, sociodemographic characteristics, displacement-related stressors and stigma-related stressors were uniquely associated with psychiatric morbidity.

conclusionDisplaced Syrian MSM and transgender women experience higher levels of psychiatric comorbidities than Lebanese MSM and transgender women in part due to compounding exposure to displacement-related stressors and stigma-related stressors. Informed by tenets of minority stress theory and intersectionality theory, we discuss mental health intervention implications and future directions.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsSexual and Gender MinoritiesTransgender PersonsCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHomosexuality, MaleHumansLebanonMaleSocial StigmaSyriaepidemiologymental healthpublic health

Identifiers

PMID33986065
PMCPMC8126317
OpenAlexW3161753275

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.