ArticleBMC veterinary research2021
Lethal infection caused by Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in black swans (Cygnus atratus).
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expanding the epidemiological insight: the role of synanthropic waterfowl in environmental transmission of trichomonads and acanthamoebae.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Molecular evidence for trichomonads and acanthamoebae in cloacal samples of synanthropic waterfowl.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- A case report of black swan (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- A Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Type 1c Strain in China: Isolation, Identification, and Assessment of Pathogenicity in Rabbits.Current microbiology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTetratrichomonas gallinarum is parasitic protozoa with a wide host range. However, its lethal infection is rare reported. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we described the first lethal cases of T. gallinarum infection in black swans in China. Five black swans died within a week in succession without obvious symptoms except mild diarrhea. At necropsy, severe lesions were observed in caeca with thickened caecal walls and hemorrhages in the mucosa. A large number of moving trophozoites were found in the contents of the cecum by microscopic examination. The livers were enlarged with multiple bleeding spots on the surface. Histopathology of the livers showed mononuclear cell infiltration and moderate hyperplasia of fibrous tissue. The histopathology of the cecum showed that the villi of the cecum were edematous. Finally, the presence of T. gallinarum was determined by specific PCR andin-situ hybridization assay. Additionally, common pathogens that can cause similar symptoms were excluded.
conclusionsThe death of the black swan was caused by T. gallinarum, suggesting that the parasite might be a new threat to the Cygnus birds.
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