Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33985466›Full record

ArticleBMC women's health2021

Women's empowerment and female genital mutilation intention for daughters in Sierra Leone: a multilevel analysis.

Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Seun Anjorin, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Olalekan A Uthman, Mpho Keetile, Sanni Yaya

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC women's health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Edward Kwabena AmeyawSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
Seun AnjorinWarwick Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery (WCAHRD), Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
Bright Opoku AhinkorahSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
Abdul-Aziz SeiduDepartment of Population and Health, College of Humanities and Legal Studies, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Olalekan A UthmanWarwick Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery (WCAHRD), Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
Mpho KeetilePopulation Studies and Demography, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Sanni YayaSchool of International Development and Global Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 120 University Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada. sanni.yaya@uOttawa.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-4876-6043

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFemale genital mutilation is common in Sierra Leone. Evidence indicates that empowering women provides protective benefits against female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). Yet, the relationship between women's empowerment and their intention to cut their daughters has not been explored in Sierra Leone. The aim of this study was to assess the association between women's empowerment and their intention to have their daughters undergo FGM/C in the country.

methodsData for this study are from the 2013 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 7,706 women between the ages of 15 and 49 were included in the analysis. Analysis entailed generation of descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages), and estimation of multi-level logistic regression models to examine the association between women's empowerment, contextual factors and their intentions to cut their daughters.

resultsA significantly higher proportion of women who participated in labour force reported that they intended to cut their daughters compared to those who did not (91.2%, CI = 90.4-91.9 and 86.0%, CI = 84.1-87.8, respectively). Similarly, the proportion intending to cut their daughters was significantly higher among women who accepted wife beating than among those who rejected the practice (94.9%, CI = 93.8-95.8 and 86.4% CI = 84.9-87.8, respectively). A significantly higher proportion of women with low decision-making power intended to cut their daughters compared to those with high decision-making power (91.0%, CI = 89.0-92.8 and 85.0% CI = 82.2-87.4, respectively). Results from multivariate regression analysis showed that the odds of intending to cut daughters were significantly higher among women who participated in labour force (aOR = 2.5, CI = 1.3-4.7) and those who accepted wife beating than among those who did not (aOR = 2.7, CI = 1.7-4.5). In contrast, the likelihood of intending to cut daughters was significantly lower among women with high than low knowledge (aOR = 0.4, CI = 0.3-0.7), and among those aged 45-49  than among those aged 15-19  (aOR = 0.2, CI = 0.0-0.6).

conclusionThe findings underscore the need to align anti-FGM/C policies and programmes to women who have undergone FGM/C, those with low knowledge, women who support wife beating and young women. Such interventions could highlight the adverse implications of the practice by stressing the psychological, health and social implications of FGM/C on its survivors.

Indexed as

Circumcision, FemaleIntentionAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMiddle AgedMultilevel AnalysisNuclear FamilySierra LeoneYoung AdultCutting daughtersFemale Genital Mutilation/CuttingMulti-level analysisSierra LeoneWomen’s intentions

Identifiers

PMID33985466
PMCPMC8120903

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.