ArticleAnnals of rehabilitation medicine2021
Cephalic Index of Korean Children With Normal Brain Development During the First 7 Years of Life Based on Computed Tomography.
Article in Annals of rehabilitation medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in infant head shape: Developmental trends during the first year of life and secular changes observed in recent years.PloS one · 2026Article
- New population-specific cephalic index standards for Malaysian subadults: prevalence, growth patterns, and clinical implications from a CT imaging study.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Article
- Allometry of human calvaria bones during development from birth to 8 years of age shows a nonlinear growth pattern.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cephalic index and horizontal point of maximum width in children with normal brain development in China.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Craniofacial Measurements and Indices Trends in Latvian Children Aged 1-15.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
objectiveTo identify the normal range, distribution, and age-dependent differences in the cephalic index (CI) of Korean children with normal brain development and develop a classification of the current CI for Korean children up to 7 years of age.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 1,389 children who visited our hospital in the emergency room between October 2015 and September 2020 because of suspected head injuries. Finally, 1,248 children (741 male and 507 female) were enrolled after excluding abnormal medical or familial history and divided into 10 groups by age. The CI was measured using brain computed tomography and calculated according to the following equation: cephalic width/cephalic length×100.
resultsThe averages of CI by age groups were as follows: 89.29 (0-3 months group, n=44); 91.41 (4-6 months group, n=63); 89.68 (7-9 months group, n=62); 87.52 (10-12 months group, n=41); 87.64 (≥2 years group, n=243); 86.63 (≥3 years group, n=178); 85.62 (≥4 years group, n=232); 85.77 (≥5 years group, n=201); 85.15 (≥6 years group, n=75); and 85.34 (≥7 years group, n=109). The CI of Korean children in normal brain development was confirmed to be large, showing a notable difference compared to that of Caucasians.
conclusionThe current CI of Korean children will provide a valuable reference for diagnosing and treating cranial deformities, especially dolichocephaly and brachycephaly as well as to monitor the morphology of the cranium in clinics.
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