ReviewAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2021
Knowledge gaps in Alzheimer's disease immune biomarker research.
Review in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhibition of p38α MAPK increases short-term astrocyte reactivity: the exploratory VIP trial in early Alzheimer's disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Trial
- Article
- The influence of depression onset timing after gastrointestinal diseases on dementia risk.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Biomarkers and therapeutic strategies targeting microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: current status and future directions.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Immune modulation to treat Alzheimer's disease.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- The NLRP3-P2X7 Axis and Cytokine Crosstalk in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms, Implications, and Therapeutic Opportunities.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Comparing the predictive validity of four MCI definitions for incident dementia in demographically diverse community-dwelling individuals: Results from the Einstein Aging Study (EAS).Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2025Article
- Tracking neuroinflammatory biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: a strategy for individualized therapeutic approaches?Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Neuroinflammatory gene expression profiles of reactive glia in the substantia nigra suggest a multidimensional immune response to alpha synuclein inclusions.Neurobiology of disease · 2024Article
- The role of peripheral inflammatory insults in Alzheimer's disease: a review and research roadmap.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2023Review
- Neuroinflammatory CSF biomarkers MIF, sTREM1, and sTREM2 show dynamic expression profiles in Alzheimer's disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Diversity of transcriptomic microglial phenotypes in aging and Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022Review
- Humanized Mice for Infectious and Neurodegenerative disorders.Retrovirology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Considerable evidence has accumulated implicating a role for immune mechanisms in moderating the pathology in Alzheimer's disease dementia. However, the appropriate therapeutic target, the appropriate direction of manipulation, and the stage of disease at which to begin treatment remain unanswered questions. Part of the challenge derives from the absence of any selective pressure to develop a coordinated beneficial immune response to severe neural injury in adults. Thus, immune responses to the prevailing stimuli are likely to contain both beneficial and detrimental components. Knowledge gaps include: (1) how a biomarker change relates to the underlying biology, (2) the degree to which pathological stage group differences reflect a response to pathology versus trait differences among individuals regulating risk of developing pathology, (3) the degree to which biomarker levels are predictive of subsequent changes in pathology and/or cognition, and (4) experimental manipulations in model systems to determine whether differences in immune biomarkers are causally related to pathology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.