ArticlePloS one2021
Phenome-wide association of 1809 phenotypes and COVID-19 disease progression in the Veterans Health Administration Million Veteran Program.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-ancestry genetic architecture of heart failure subtypes.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- Single-cell polygenic risk scores dissect cellular and molecular heterogeneity of complex human diseases.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Article
- Defining Parameters That Modulate Susceptibility and Protection to Respiratory Murine Coronavirus MHV1 Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Phenome-wide association study and precision medicine of cardiovascular diseases in the post-COVID-19 era.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2023Review
- Leveraging the Million Veteran Program Infrastructure and Data for a Rapid Research Response to COVID-19.Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS · 2023Article
- Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, intensive care admission, and death: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of over 200 million study participants.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- A Case-Crossover Phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) for understanding Post-COVID-19 diagnosis patterns.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2022Article
- The US Department of Veterans Affairs Science and Health Initiative to Combat Infectious and Emerging Life-Threatening Diseases (VA SHIELD): A Biorepository Addressing National Health Threats.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Using the Phecode System to Identify the Preoperative Clinical Phenotypes Associated with Surgical Site Infection in Patients Undergoing Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: The Sex Differences.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Applying Lessons Learned From COVID-19 Therapeutic Trials to Improve Future ALI/ARDS Trials.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Review
- Pharmacogenetic variants and risk of remdesivir-associated liver enzyme elevations in Million Veteran Program participants hospitalized with COVID-19.Clinical and translational science · 2022Article
- Million Veteran Program's response to COVID-19: Survey development and preliminary findings.PloS one · 2022Article
- COVID-19 in Veterans: A Narrative Review.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2022Review
- The Interaction of Vitamin D and Corticosteroids: A Mortality Analysis of 26,508 Veterans Who Tested Positive for SARS-CoV-2.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Genetic Loci Associated With COVID-19 Positivity and Hospitalization in White, Black, and Hispanic Veterans of the VA Million Veteran Program.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe risk factors associated with the stages of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) disease progression are not well known. We aim to identify risk factors specific to each state of COVID-19 progression from SARS-CoV-2 infection through death. METHODS AND
resultsWe included 648,202 participants from the Veteran Affairs Million Veteran Program (2011-). We identified characteristics and 1,809 ICD code-based phenotypes from the electronic health record. We used logistic regression to examine the association of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), race, and prevalent phenotypes to the stages of COVID-19 disease progression: infection, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 30-day mortality (separate models for each). Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, number of visit months and ICD codes, state infection rate and controlled for multiple testing using false discovery rate (≤0.1). As of August 10, 2020, 5,929 individuals were SARS-CoV-2 positive and among those, 1,463 (25%) were hospitalized, 579 (10%) were in ICU, and 398 (7%) died. We observed a lower risk in women vs. men for ICU and mortality (Odds Ratio (95% CI): 0.48 (0.30-0.76) and 0.59 (0.31-1.15), respectively) and a higher risk in Black vs. Other race patients for hospitalization and ICU (OR (95%CI): 1.53 (1.32-1.77) and 1.63 (1.32-2.02), respectively). We observed an increased risk of all COVID-19 disease states with older age and BMI ≥35 vs. 20-24 kg/m2. Renal failure, respiratory failure, morbid obesity, acid-base balance disorder, white blood cell diseases, hydronephrosis and bacterial infections were associated with an increased risk of ICU admissions; sepsis, chronic skin ulcers, acid-base balance disorder and acidosis were associated with mortality.
conclusionsOlder age, higher BMI, males and patients with a history of respiratory, kidney, bacterial or metabolic comorbidities experienced greater COVID-19 severity. Future studies to investigate the underlying mechanisms associated with these phenotype clusters and COVID-19 are warranted.
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