ArticlePloS one2021
Effect of belt electrode-skeletal muscle electrical stimulation on immobilization-induced muscle fibrosis.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of passive mobilization on the deleterious effects of immobilization in patients with musculoskeletal problems: a systematic review.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Joint Contracture Resulting From a Two-Hour Daily Joint Immobility: An Experimental Study in Rats.Cureus · 2026Article
- Effect of belt electrode-skeletal muscle electrical stimulation on fracture healing in a rat femoral fracture model.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Article
- Submaximal Eccentric Training During Immobilization Does Not Prevent Serial Sarcomere Loss or Impairments in Mechanical Function in Old or Young Rats.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Belt Electrode-Skeletal Muscle Electrical Stimulation Prevents Muscle Atrophy in the Soleus of Collagen-Induced Arthritis Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Targeted Therapy for Skeletal Muscle Fibrosis: Regulation of Myostatin, TGF-β, MMP, and TIMP to Maintain Extracellular Matrix Homeostasis.Biologics : targets & therapy · 2025Review
- Sialyllactose preserves residual hearing after cochlear implantation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Electrical Stimulation-Based Twitch Exercise Suppresses Progression of Immobilization-Induced Muscle Fibrosis via Downregulation of PGC-1?/VEGF Pathway.Physiological research · 2024Article
- Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Therapeutic Ultrasound on Quadriceps Contracture of Immobilized Rats.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Skeletal Muscle Electrical Stimulation Prevents Progression of Disuse Muscle Atrophy via Forkhead Box O Dynamics Mediated by Phosphorylated Protein Kinase B and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma Coactivator-1alpha.Physiological research · 2024Article
- Mechanical Stress Via Muscle Contractile Exercise Suppresses Atrophic Alterations of Bone-microstructure in Immobilized Rat Femurs.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2024Article
- Stochastic electrical stimulation of the thoracic or cervical regions with surface electrodes facilitates swallow in rats.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Article
- Dysregulation of dopamine neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens in immobilization-induced hypersensitivity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeMacrophage accumulation in response to decreasing myonuclei may be the major mechanism underlying immobilization-induced muscle fibrosis in muscle contracture, an intervention strategy suppressing these lesions is necessary. Therefore, this research investigated the effect of belt electrode-skeletal muscle electrical stimulation (B-SES), a new electrical stimulation device, to the macrophage accumulation via myonuclei decrease in immobilization-induced muscle fibrosis. MATERIALS AND
methods18 Wistar male rats were divided into the control group, immobilization group (with plaster cast fixation to immobilize the soleus muscles in a shortened position for 2 weeks), and B-SES group (with muscle contractile exercise through B-SES during the immobilization period). B-SES stimulation was performed at a frequency of 50 Hz and an intensity of 4.7 mA, muscle contractile exercise by B-SES was applied to the lower limb muscles for 20 minutes/session (twice a day) for 2 weeks (6 times/week). The bilateral soleus muscles were used for histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and molecular biological analyses.
resultsThe number of myonuclei was significantly higher in the B-SES group than in the immobilization group, and there was no significant difference between the B-SES and control groups. The cross-sectional area of type I and II myofibers in the immobilization and B-SES groups was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the cross-sectional area of type I myofibers in the B-SES group was higher than that in the immobilization group. However, Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 mRNA expression in the immobilization and B-SES groups was significantly higher than those in the control group. Additionally, the number of macrophages, IL-1β, TGF-β1, and α-SMA mRNA expression, and hydroxyproline expression was significantly lower in the control and B-SES groups than those in the immobilization group.
conclusionThis research surmised that muscle contractile exercise through B-SES prevented immobilization-induced muscle fibrosis, and this alteration suppressed the development of muscle contracture.
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