ReviewCirculation research2021
Mechanisms and Models in Heart Failure: A Translational Approach.
Review in Circulation research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost of Chronic Heart Failure Among Adult Europeans-A Systematic Literature Review.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Effects of Modulating Circulating Ketone Bodies With 1,3-Butanediol in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Trial
- Therapies for Heart Failure: Clinical Updates and Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Heart Failure with Reduced and Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Network Interpretive Framework of Mechanisms, Phenotypes, and Therapeutic Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Chitosan-based hydrogels for nitric oxide-mediated myocardial repair: advances and prospects.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- The role of ventricular remodeling in the early decompensation of cardiorenal syndrome: Insight from studies with Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats subjected to volume overload induced using aorto-caval fistula.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Gene Therapy for Heart Failure.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- Tetranectin and Paraoxonase-1 as Markers of Heart Failure.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Endosomal Mechanisms in Heart Failure Pathophysiology.Current heart failure reports · 2025Review
- Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Quality Control, Autophagy, and Sirtuins in Heart Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Hyperkalemia in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Patients Treated with Sacubitril/Valsartan: Experience from a Tertiary Cardiac Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Clinics and practice · 2025Article
- Impact of exercise on the 21Sports medicine and health science · 2025Review
- Article
- Metabolite Profiles of Heart Failure, Central Hemodynamic Derangement, and Response to Heart Transplantation.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Histopathological Analysis of Myocardial Remodeling Following Heart Failure: A Cadaveric Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Leptin and heart failure: the chicken or the egg?Heart failure reviews · 2025Review
- Harnessing the lymphatic system.Heart failure reviews · 2025Review
- VITALS: an implantable sensor network for postoperative cardiac monitoring in heart failure patients.npj biomedical innovations · 2025Article
- Heart failure: mechanistic insights and precision therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Fibrinogen/Albumin Ratio is Associated with the Occurrence of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite multiple attempts to develop a unifying hypothesis that explains the pathophysiology of heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), no single conceptual model has withstood the test of time. In the present review, we discuss how the results of recent successful phase III clinical development programs in HFrEF are built upon existing conceptual models for drug development. We will also discuss where recent successes in clinical trials do not fit existing models to identify areas where further refinement of current paradigms may be needed. To provide the necessary structure for this review, we will begin with a brief overview of the pathophysiology of HFrEF, followed by an overview of the current conceptual models for HFrEF, and end with an analysis of the scientific rationale and clinical development programs for 4 new therapeutic classes of drugs that have improved clinical outcomes in HFrEF. The 4 new therapeutic classes discussed are ARNIs, SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors, soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators, and myosin activators. With the exception of SGLT2 inhibitors, each of these therapeutic advances was informed by the insights provided by existing conceptual models of heart failure. Although the quest to determine the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors is ongoing, this therapeutic class of drugs may represent the most important advance in cardiovascular therapeutics of recent decades and may lead to rethinking or expanding our current conceptual models for HFrEF.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.