ArticleJournal of clinical immunology2021
Robust Antibody and T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with Antibody Deficiency.
Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19-related health outcomes in people with primary immunodeficiency: A systematic review.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2022Pooled it
- Duration of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children after natural infection or vaccination in the omicron and pre-omicron era: A systematic review of clinical and immunological studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Reconstitution of Norovirus-Specific T-Cell Responses Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Inborn Errors of Immunity and Chronic Norovirus Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Evaluation of population immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, EG.5.1, FY.4, BA.2.86, JN.1, JN.1.4, and KP.3.1.1 using samples from two health demographic surveillance systems in Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Genomic Landscape of Susceptibility to Severe COVID-19 in the Slovenian Population.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- An Overview of the Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in people with idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Clinical and immunological outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with inborn errors of immunity receiving different brands and doses of COVID-19 vaccines.Tuberkuloz ve toraks · 2023Article
- Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with inborn errors of immunity (primary immunodeficiencies): a systematic review.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2023Article
- Impaired B Cell Recall Memory and Reduced Antibody Avidity but Robust T Cell Response in CVID Patients After COVID-19 Vaccination.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Targetable elements in SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit for the design of pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitors and vaccines.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to the Neoantigen RBD of SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with Primary and Secondary Immunodeficiency and Healthy Donors.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Cellular immunity in COVID-19 and other infections in Common variable immunodeficiency.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Detection of specific RBDFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- A unique cytotoxic CD4Clinical & translational immunology · 2023Article
- Integrated antibody and cellular immunity monitoring are required for assessment of the long term protection that will be essential for effective next generation vaccine development.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Acute and long-term immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated children and young adults with inborn errors of immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Immunizing the imperfect immune system: Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in patients with inborn errors of immunity.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunocompromised patients, including those with inborn errors of immunity (IEI), may be at increased risk for severe or prolonged infections with SARS-CoV-2 (Zhu et al. N Engl J Med. 382:727-33, 2020; Guan et al. 2020; Minotti et al. J Infect. 81:e61-6, 2020). While antibody and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins are well described in healthy convalescent donors, adaptive humoral and cellular immunity has not yet been characterized in patients with antibody deficiency (Grifoni et al. Cell. 181:1489-1501 e1415, 2020; Burbelo et al. 2020; Long et al. Nat Med. 26:845-8, 2020; Braun et al. 2020). Herein, we describe the clinical course, antibody, and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in a cohort of adult and pediatric patients with antibody deficiencies (n = 5) and controls (related and unrelated) infected with SARS-CoV-2. Five patients within the same family (3 with antibody deficiency, 2 immunocompetent controls) showed antibody responses to nucleocapsid and spike proteins, as well as SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell immunity at days 65-84 from onset of symptoms. No significant difference was identified between immunocompromised patients and controls. Two additional unrelated, adult patients with common variable immune deficiency were assessed. One did not show antibody response, but both demonstrated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity when evaluated 33 and 76 days, respectively, following SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. This report is the first to show robust T cell activity and humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in some patients with antibody deficiency. Given the reliance on spike protein in most candidate vaccines (Folegatti et al. Lancet. 396:467-78, 2020; Jackson et al. N Engl J Med. 383:1920-31, 2020), the responses are encouraging. Additional studies will be needed to further define the timing of onset of immunity, longevity of the immune response, and variability of response in immunocompromised patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.