SynthesisEuropean journal of neurology2021
Encephalitis as a neurological complication of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, outcomes, and predictors.
Synthesis in European journal of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Restoroing the immune balance of mild-to-moderate Patients with new coronavirus.Indian journal of pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Brain MRI findings in neurologically symptomatic COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Autoimmune encephalitis in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review of case reports and case series.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Late neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection: New challenges for the neurologist.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of COVID-19-associated encephalitis: A systematic review of case reports and case series.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Pooled it
- Immune-mediated neurological syndrome in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review of literature on autoimmune encephalitis in COVID-19.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Encephalitis as a neurological complication of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, outcomes, and predictors.European journal of neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Review
- Autoimmune Encephalitis in Pregnancy: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- The characteristic change of autoimmune encephalitis after the COVID-19 epidemic in Guangxi, China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact on the microstructure of deep gray matter in unvaccinated patients after moderate-to-severe COVID-19: insights from MRI T1 mapping.European radiology experimental · 2025Article
- Autoimmune Rhombencephalitis as a Presentation of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Viruses and the Brain-A Relationship Prone to Trouble.Viruses · 2025Review
- Severe central nervous system injury in 9 children with COVID-19.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Clinical and radiological characteristics and 1-year self-reported outcomes from patients with encephalitis and coronavirus disease 2019.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Observational
- Acute and long-term effects of COVID-19 on brain and mental health: A narrative review.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Review
- NLRP3 inflammasome activation in astrocytes restricts SARS-CoV-2 through gasdermin-D-driven IL-1β release.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Risk of neurologic or immune-mediated adverse events after COVID-19 diagnosis in the United States.PloS one · 2025Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis associated with anti-SOX1 autoantibodies in COVID-19: A case report.IDCases · 2025Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeAlthough COVID-19 predominantly affects the respiratory system, recent studies have reported the occurrence of neurological disorders such as stroke in relation to COVID-19 infection. Encephalitis is an inflammatory condition of the brain that has been described as a severe neurological complication of COVID-19. Despite a growing number of reported cases, encephalitis related to COVID-19 infection has not been adequately characterised. To address this gap, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to describe the incidence, clinical course, and outcomes of patients who suffer from encephalitis as a complication of COVID-19.
methodsAll studies published between 1 November 2019 and 24 October 2020 that reported on patients who developed encephalitis as a complication of COVID-19 were included. Only cases with radiological and/or biochemical evidence of encephalitis were included.
resultsIn this study, 610 studies were screened and 23 studies reporting findings from 129,008 patients, including 138 with encephalitis, were included. The average time from diagnosis of COVID-19 to onset of encephalitis was 14.5 days (range = 10.8-18.2 days). The average incidence of encephalitis as a complication of COVID-19 was 0.215% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.056%-0.441%). The average mortality rate of encephalitis in COVID-19 patients was 13.4% (95% CI = 3.8%-25.9%). These patients also had deranged clinical parameters, including raised serum inflammatory markers and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis.
conclusionsAlthough encephalitis is an uncommon complication of COVID-19, when present, it results in significant morbidity and mortality. Severely ill COVID-19 patients are at higher risk of suffering from encephalitis as a complication of the infection.
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