ArticleJournal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)2021
Cognitive performance is lower among individuals with overlap syndrome than in individuals with COPD or obstructive sleep apnea alone: association with carotid artery stiffness.
Article in Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cognitive outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/OSA overlap syndrome compared to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) alone: a systematic review.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Pooled it
- Examining the impact of obstructive sleep apnea on cognitive function in severe COPD.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2024Trial
- Mechanisms and Risk Factors of Cognitive Impairment in COPD.CHEST pulmonary · 2026Article
- Diagnosis and Management of Overlap Syndrome (COPD-OSA): Evidence, Challenges and Prospects.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Review
- Construction and evaluation of nomogram for risk prediction of cognitive impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease comorbidity.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Coexistence: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Complications.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Review
- Article
- The Overlap Syndrome of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: What is the contribution of hypertension and arterial stiffness?Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2022Article
- A Missing Voice: The Lingual Complex and Osteopathic Manual Medicine in the Context of Five Osteopathic Models.Cureus · 2021Review
- Evaluation of nocturnal apnea and airflow limitation as indicators for cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome overlap syndrome.Chronic respiratory diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are both independently associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and impaired cognitive function. It is unknown if individuals with both COPD and OSA (i.e., overlap syndrome) have greater common carotid artery (CCA) stiffness, an independent predictor of CVD risk, and lower cognitive performance than either COPD or OSA alone. Elevated CCA stiffness is associated with cognitive impairment in former smokers with and without COPD in past studies. We compared CCA stiffness and cognitive performance between former smokers with overlap syndrome, COPD only, OSA only and former smoker controls using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests to adjust for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), pack years, and postbronchodilator FEV
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.