ArticleJournal of assisted reproduction and genetics2021
Reproductive outcomes of microdissection testicular sperm extraction in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal azoospermic men after gonadotropin therapy.
Article in Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Boosting Male Fertility: The Impact of Gonadotropin Therapy on Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Andrology · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of outcomes between pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone and combined gonadotropin therapy of spermatogenesis in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2025Trial
- Therapeutic benefits of gonadotropins in male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a focus on spermatogenesis and fertility.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Article
- Fertility Outcomes in Men with Nonobstructive Azoospermia Due to Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism After Gonadotropin Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Fertility outcomes and management of long-term pubertal testosterone replacement sequelae in Oliver-McFarlane syndrome: a case report and literature review.AME case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism as a cause of NOA and its treatment.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Review
- Clinical outcomes of round spermatid injection vs intracytoplasmic sperm injection: The role of hormonal pretreatment for nonobstructive azoospermia.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeMale infertility caused by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is not common. The main treatment is gonadotropins for 12 months or longer. If the patient is still azoospermic, conventional or microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) may further help in sperm retrieval. We aimed to analyze the fertility outcomes of HH men treated at our institute.
methodsFrom 2008 to 2020, infertile men with hormone profile showing HH were enrolled. Gonadotropin therapy was prescribed if parenthood was being considered. Assisted reproductive technology was available to help patients attain fertility depending on the results of sperm analysis. Patient outcomes, including sperm retrieval, pregnancy and live birth rates, were analyzed.
resultsSeventeen initially azoospermic patients were administered gonadotropins for an average of 11.1 months, and sperm was subsequently found in the ejaculate of seven patients (41%). mTESE was performed on the other ten (59%) who were still azoospermic. For these 10 patients, they had collectively undergone an average 12.1 months (range 6-23 months) of gonadotropin therapy. Sperm was retrieved in nine (90.0%) cases. After 11 cycles of TESE-ICSI, six (54.5%) successful pregnancies were recorded, resulting in five (55.6%) cases with live-born babies, including two sets of twins, and one case of missed abortion at 9 weeks of gestation.
conclusionGonadotropin therapy reversed azoospermia in a portion of the HH male patients studied. Of men who were still azoospermic after gonadotropin treatment, a majority could still have testicular sperm retrieved by mTESE for use in assisted reproductive technology, subsequently resulting in live births.
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