Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33982062›Full record

ArticleBiology of reproduction2021

PRG2 and AQPEP are misexpressed in fetal membranes in placenta previa and percreta†.

Elisa T Zhang, Roberta L Hannibal, Keyla M Badillo Rivera, Janet H T Song, Kelly McGowan, Xiaowei Zhu, Gudrun Meinhardt, Martin Knöfler, Jürgen Pollheimer, Alexander E Urban and 3 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biology of reproduction, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Placenta: an old organ with new functions.Frontiers in immunology · 2024
    Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Elisa T ZhangDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Roberta L HannibalDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Keyla M Badillo RiveraDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Janet H T SongDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Kelly McGowanDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Xiaowei ZhuDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Gudrun MeinhardtDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Martin KnöflerDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Jürgen PollheimerDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Alexander E UrbanDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Ann K FolkinsDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Deirdre J LyellDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Julie C BakerDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Stanford University · USMedical University of Vienna · AT

Funding

Special EquipmentP50HG007735 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CHANG, HOWARD Y · 2014 to 2018
$15.2M
Molecular images and machine learning to extract placental function from maternal cfDNAR01HD094513 · NICHD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BAKER, JULIE C, KUNDAJE, ANSHUL · 2018 to 2022
$3.1M
NHGRI NIH HHS P50 HG007735NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD094513
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The obstetrical conditions placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and placenta previa are a significant source of pregnancy-associated morbidity and mortality, yet the specific molecular and cellular underpinnings of these conditions are not known. In this study, we identified misregulated gene expression patterns in tissues from placenta previa and percreta (the most extreme form of PAS) compared with control cases. By comparing this gene set with existing placental single-cell and bulk RNA-Seq datasets, we show that the upregulated genes predominantly mark extravillous trophoblasts. We performed immunofluorescence on several candidate molecules and found that PRG2 and AQPEP protein levels are upregulated in both the fetal membranes and the placental disk in both conditions. While this increased AQPEP expression remains restricted to trophoblasts, PRG2 is mislocalized and is found throughout the fetal membranes. Using a larger patient cohort with a diverse set of gestationally aged-matched controls, we validated PRG2 as a marker for both previa and PAS and AQPEP as a marker for only previa in the fetal membranes. Our findings suggest that the extraembryonic tissues surrounding the conceptus, including both the fetal membranes and the placental disk, harbor a signature of previa and PAS that is characteristic of EVTs and that may reflect increased trophoblast invasiveness.

Indexed as

Gene Expression RegulationEosinophil Major Basic ProteinExtraembryonic MembranesFemaleHumansMetalloproteasesPlacenta AccretaPlacenta PreviaPregnancyProteoglycansEosinophil Major Basic ProteinLVRN protein, humanMetalloproteasesPRG2 protein, humanProteoglycansAQPEPfetal membranesplacentaplacenta accreta spectrumplacenta previaPRG2

Identifiers

PMID33982062
PMCPMC8256106
OpenAlexW3160243278

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.