ArticleExtracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids2021
RANKL and RANK in extracellular vesicles: surprising new players in bone remodeling.
Article in Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vesicular Communication in the Bone-Muscle Unit: Physiological Functions, Aging, and Therapeutic Potential.Cells · 2026Review
- Nonunion After Ankle Arthrodesis: A Contemporary Review.Foot & ankle international · 2026Review
- Microbial messengers: decoding the gut microbiota's role in bone health through immunomodulation and exosomal signaling.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- Branched‑chain amino acid metabolism and bone metabolism: Implications for osteoporosis pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Immune reprogramming in the bone marrow microenvironment: a new perspective on the bone immune microenvironment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exosomes in Bone Generation and Repair: Focusing on Bone Microenvironmental Crosstalk and Engineering Biomaterial Designs.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-mediated immune crosstalk in rheumatoid arthritis synovium: mechanistic insights and translational challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mouse model of anti-RANKL discontinuation reveals reduced bone mass and quality through disruption of bone remodeling.Bone research · 2025Article
- Article
- Golgi-restored vesicular replenishment retards bone aging and empowers aging bone regeneration.Bone research · 2025Article
- Article
- Gas-powered extracellular vesicles promote bone regeneration.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Liquid biopsy in orthopedic trauma: exosomes as functional mediators and mechanistic indicators in post-traumatic complications.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Challenges and Perspectives Regarding the Determination of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Biomarkers During Orthodontic Treatment: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- A Multifunctional Therapeutic Strategy Using P7C3 as A Countermeasure Against Bone Loss and Fragility in An Ovariectomized Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- The roles of extracellular vesicles released by mechanically stimulated osteocytes in regulating osteoblast and osteoclast functions.Mechanobiology in medicine · 2024Article
- Membranes on the move: The functional role of the extracellular vesicle membrane for contact-dependent cellular signalling.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Review
- Modified Curcuminoid-Rich Extract Liposomal CRE-SDInhibits Osteoclastogenesis via the Canonical NF-κB Signaling Pathway.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Conditioned Media from Human Pulp Stem Cell Cultures Improve Bone Regeneration in Rat Calvarial Critical-Size Defects.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Article
- Extracellular vesicles: From bone development to regenerative orthopedics.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B-ligand (RANKL), its receptor RANK, and osteoprotegerin which binds RANKL and acts as a soluble decoy receptor, are essential controllers of bone remodeling. They also play important roles in establishing immune tolerance and in the development of the lymphatic system and mammary glands. In bone, RANKL stimulates osteoclast formation by binding RANK on osteoclast precursors and osteoclasts. This is required for bone resorption. Recently, RANKL and RANK have been shown to be functional components of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Data linking RANKL and RANK in EVs to biological regulatory roles are reviewed, and crucial unanswered questions are examined. RANKL and RANK are transmembrane proteins and their presence in EVs allows them to act at a distance from their cell of origin. Because RANKL-bearing osteocytes and osteoblasts are often spatially distant from RANK-containing osteoclasts in vivo, this may be crucial for the stimulation of osteoclast formation and bone resorption. RANK in EVs from osteoclasts has the capacity to stimulate a RANKL reverse signaling pathway in osteoblasts that promotes bone formation. This serves to couple bone resorption with bone formation and has inspired novel bifunctional therapeutic agents. RANKL- and RANK- containing EVs in serum may serve as biomarkers for bone and immune pathologies. In summary, EVs containing RANKL and RANK have been identified as intercellular regulators in bone biology. They add complexity to the central signaling network responsible for maintaining bone. RANKL- and RANK-containing EVs are attractive as drug targets and as biomarkers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.