ReviewPain reports2021
Prognostic factors for pain chronicity in low back pain: a systematic review.
Review in Pain reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 130 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Online Versus Physically Supervised Pilates Exercise Program With Common Standard Physical Therapy Treatment on Pain, Mobility and Function in Patients With Non-specific Low Back Pain
Comparative Effects of McGill and McKenzie Exercises on Pain, Range of Motion and Disability in Patients With Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain
Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 263 citations in OpenAlex.
- Short-term economic evaluation of physical activity-based corporate health programs: a systematic review.Journal of occupational health · 2024Pooled it
- Causal effects of psychosocial factors on chronic back pain: a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2022Pooled it
- Booster session prescription and outcomes in adults with chronic low back pain: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Smartphone-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment of Pain in Older Adults Undergoing Auricular Point Acupressure for Chronic Low Back Pain: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR formative research · 2026Trial
- Impact of 3-dimensional myofascial release on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha biomarker in nonspecific low back pain: a randomised controlled trial.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Trial
- Effects of a Postural Hammock in People with Chronic Neck Pain and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Trial
- Assessing the effectiveness of the SOLIO Alfa Cure Plus device in treating low back pain: a randomized controlled study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of an exercise intervention based on preactivation of the abdominal transverse muscle in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain in primary care: a randomized control trial.BMC primary care · 2023Trial
- The Role of Pain Duration and Pain Intensity on the Effectiveness of App-Delivered Self-Management for Low Back Pain (selfBACK): Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2023Trial
- Comparing low and high recovery expectations among those with lumbar spinal stenosis: a network analysis.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Labor market participation among patients referred to occupational medicine with low-back pain: a Danish nationwide register-based cohort study.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2026Article
- Pain Resilience Therapy vs. Pain Neuroscience Education for Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: Secondary Analysis of Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial of Risk and Resilience Factors.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Detrimental Effect of Low-Magnitude High-Frequency Vibration in an Ex Vivo Model of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Despite Estrogen Treatment.JOR spine · 2026Article
- Understanding the burden of chronic back pain: a spatial microsimulation of chronic back pain at small area level across England.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Bridging the Gap Between Rehabilitation and Return to Work: A Qualitative Evaluation of a Workplace Intervention for Low Back Pain.Journal of occupational rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Physiotherapy informed by acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic low back pain: A randomized trial.Hong Kong physiotherapy journal : official publication of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association Limited = Wu li chih liao · 2026Article
- 'There's No Improvement. I'm Still Bedridden': Recovery After Hospital Admission for Low Back Pain and Alignment With Patient Expectations.Musculoskeletal care · 2026Article
- Kinesiophobia and Clinical Outcomes in People with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Implementation status and barriers to multimodal management of low back pain among physical therapists: A cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The association of lumbar paraspinal muscle size and quality with physical function, disability, and pain in adults with chronic low back pain.JOSPT open · 2026Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Low back pain is the leading cause for years lived in disability. Most people with acute low back pain improve rapidly, but 4% to 25% of patients become chronic. Since the previous systematic reviews on the subject, a large number of new studies have been conducted. The objective of this article was to review the evidence of the prognostic factors behind nonspecific chronic low back pain. A systematic literature search was performed without date limitation from the MEDLINE, Cochrane library, and Medic databases. Specific inclusion criteria were used, and risk factors before the onset of chronic symptoms were searched. Study quality was assessed by 2 independent reviewers. One hundred eleven full articles were read for potential inclusion, and 25 articles met all the inclusion criteria. One study was rated as good quality, 19 studies were rated as fair quality, and 5 articles were rated as poor quality. Higher pain intensity, higher body weight, carrying heavy loads at work, difficult working positions, and depression were the most frequently observed risk factors for chronic low back pain. Maladaptive behavior strategies, general anxiety, functional limitation during the episode, smoking, and particularly physical work were also explicitly predictive of chronicity. According to this systematic review, several prognostic factors from the biomechanical, psychological and psychosocial point of view are significant for chronicity in low back pain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.