ArticleEuropean thyroid journal2021
Benefits and Limitations of TKIs in Patients with Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Article in European thyroid journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- How to manage medullary thyroid carcinoma: current treatment strategies.Drugs in context · 2026Review
- Sex-Based Differences in Medullary Thyroid Cancer Survival: A Matched Analysis of 4602 Patients.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Imatinib decreases germ cell survival and germline stem cell proliferation in rodent testis ex vivo and in vitro.Andrology · 2025Article
- Selpercatinib in the treatment of thyroid cancer.Future oncology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Lungs, Thyroid, and Thymus.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Epigenetic Modifications as Novel Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Targeting in Thyroid, Pancreas, and Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Survival in medullary thyroid carcinoma patients who fail to achieve a biochemical cure: implications of postoperative 1-month calcitonin levels and targeted therapy.World journal of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Long-term survival outcomes of systemic therapy in patients with isolated and mixed medullary thyroid cancer.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Epidemiology and Characteristics According to Data From the Marne-Ardennes Register 1975-2018.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Improved guidance is needed to optimise diagnostics and treatment of patients with thyroid cancer in Europe.Endocrine · 2024Review
- Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel NaCancers · 2023Article
- [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2023Article
- An audit of medullary thyroid carcinoma from a tertiary care hospital in northwest India.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Kinase inhibitors in thyroid cancers.Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England) · 2023Review
- Preclinical Evaluation of Novel Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors in Medullary Thyroid Cancer.Cancers · 2022Article
- Metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma: a new way forward.Endocrine-related cancer · 2022Review
- CRISPR-mediated knockout of VEGFR2/KDR inhibits cell growth in a squamous thyroid cancer cell line.FEBS open bio · 2022Article
- Current Guidelines for Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 11 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been used in patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC); however, data on their effectiveness and safety are limited. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to document clinical response and toxicities of TKIs in advanced MTC.
methodsWe systematically searched major databases for articles or abstracts on TKI use in MTC patients until May 2018. Objective response (OR), defined as the sum of complete + partial response, expressed as percentage, was our primary endpoint, while disease stability, disease progression (DP), median progression-free survival (PFS), and drug discontinuation rate due to adverse events (AEs) were secondary endpoints. Pooled percentages, PFS time, and 95% CIs were reported.
resultsThirty-three publications were finally included in the analysis: 1 phase IV, 2 phase III trials evaluating vandetanib and cabozantinib, respectively, 20 phase I or II studies, and the remaining 10 studies of retrospective-observational nature. OR was documented in 28.6% (95% CI 25.9-31.9) of patients. Stable disease was recorded in 46.2% (95% CI 43.3-49.1). Overall, DP was observed in 22.9% (95% CI 20.4-27.6). Grade 3 or more AEs occurred in 48.5% (95% CI 45.5-51.5) of patients, and drug discontinuation was reported in 44.7% (95% CI 41.7-47.6). In general, use of TKIs conferred a PFS of 23.3 months (95% CI 21.07-25.5). In particular, vandetanib induced an OR in 33.8% (95% CI 29.6-38.0) of patients and cabozantinib in 27.7% (95% CI 22.05-33.4). DP occurred in 23.7% (95% CI 19.9-27.6) with vandetanib use and in 22.6% (95% CI 17.4-27.9) in cabozantinib-treated patients. Sorafenib, the third most frequently studied drug, showed intermediate efficacy, but higher discontinuation rates.
conclusionTreatment with TKIs in MTC patients with progressive disease is associated with a moderate therapeutic benefit, with achievement of either disease stability or partial response in 73%. The toxicity of these drugs is not negligible, but it is, nonetheless, manageable.
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