ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Toll-Like Receptors Gene Polymorphisms in Autoimmune Disease.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- TIR domain proteins: regulatory mechanisms in the tumor immune microenvironment, clinical translation strategies, and prospects for precision therapy applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- The harmful effect of ankylosing spondylitis on diabetes mellitus: new evidence from the Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract in the Treatment of 10 Types of Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 31 Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- T cell-inspired therapeutic delivery platforms: From nanomedicines to cell therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Association of cytokine levels with treatment duration and patient family history in Egyptian multiple sclerosis patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Navigating the next frontier in biomedicine: breakthroughs and insights in nucleic acid therapeutics.Chemical science · 2026Review
- TLR7 and TLR9 have overlapping but distinct roles in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Dry Eye Disease: From Inflammation Pathways to Therapeutic Prospects.Stem cells international · 2026Review
- Toll-Like Receptor Polymorphisms Influence Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Infection Risk After Single-Unit Cord Blood Transplantation for Adults.European journal of haematology · 2026Article
- Tlr9 expression protects against Tlr7-dependent exocrine gland and systemic disease manifestations in primary Sjögren's disease in a sex-biased manner.Journal of autoimmunity · 2025Article
- Multiple Sclerosis: A Story of the Interaction Between Gut Microbiome and Components of the Immune System.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Roles of Immunity and Endogenous Retroelements in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Treatment Strategies.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Review
- Noncoding RNA (ncRNA)-mediated regulation of TLRs: critical regulator of inflammation in tumor microenvironment.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Alterations in Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Toll-like receptor 3 activation enhances antitumor immune response in lung adenocarcinoma through NF-κB signaling pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Association of Toll-like Receptor 4 Gene Polymorphisms with Diabetes Type 2 Patients in the Palestinian Population.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Article
- [Recent research on gene polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility of neonatal sepsis].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2024Review
- Review
- Unraveling the Complexities of Toll-like Receptors: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) genetic variants rs187084 and rs352140 confer protection from Behcet's disease among Iranians.BMC rheumatology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important initiators of the immune response, both innate and acquired. Evidence suggests that gene polymorphisms within TLRs cause malfunctions of certain key TLR-related signaling pathways, which subsequently increases the risk of autoimmune diseases. We illustrate and discuss the current findings on the role of Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms in numerous autoimmune diseases in this review, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis. The study of genetic variation in TLRs in different populations has shown a complex interaction between immunity and environmental factors. This interaction suggests that TLR polymorphisms affect the susceptibility to autoimmune diseases differently in various populations. The identification of Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms can expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, which will subsequently guide effective medical management and provide insight into prognosis and advanced treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.