ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Interleukin-6, CXCL10 and Infiltrating Macrophages in COVID-19-Related Cytokine Storm: Not One for All But All for One!
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- COVID-19-Associated Subacute Thyroiditis: Evidence-Based Data From a Systematic Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Assessing the Potential of an Enzymatically Liberated Salmon Oil to Support Immune Health Recovery from Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection via Change in the Expression of Cytokine, Chemokine and Interferon-Related Genes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Trial
- Article
- Cytokine and Lymphocyte Profiles in COVID-19 Patients with Cancer: Implications for Disease Severity and Clinical Outcomes.Viruses · 2026Article
- A Spatiotemporal Model of CXCL10 as a Master Regulator of Immune Evasion and Metastasis in Osteosarcoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Role of biomarkers in predicting disease severity in acute dengue and SARs-CoV-2-Infected patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- PULSAR: a Foundation Model for Multi-scale and Multi-cellular Biology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Alpha Linolenic and Stearic Acids Modulate Genes Related to Viral Entry and Inflammatory Response in THP-1 Derived Macrophages Exposed to SARS-CoV-2.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Immune-coagulation dynamics in severe COVID-19 revealed by autoantibody profiling and multi-omics integration.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Korean Red Ginseng relieves the inflammation and oxidative stress induced by pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2.Journal of ginseng research · 2025Article
- Microglial type I interferon signaling mediates chronic stress-induced synapse loss and social behavior deficits.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Hemostatic Profile and Serum Levels of Interferon Gamma-Induced Protein 10 (IP-10) in Neonates Born to Mothers with COVID-19 During the Peripartum Period.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Exopolysaccharide production by seven basidiomycetous fungi and their antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities againstFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Immune modulation: the key to combat SARS-CoV-2 induced myocardial injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Association between sore throat and early immune responses against COVID-19 before and after the emergence of the Omicron variant.Annals of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Capturing the Effects of Single Atom Substitutions on the Inhibition Efficiency of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibitors via Markov State Modeling and Experiments.Journal of chemical theory and computation · 2024Article
- A Comparative Analysis of Innate Immune Responses and the Structural Characterization of Spike from SARS-CoV-2 Gamma Variants and Subvariants.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Natural carboxyterminal truncation of human CXCL10 attenuates glycosaminoglycan binding, CXCR3A signaling and lymphocyte chemotaxis, while retaining angiostatic activity.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SARS-COV-2 virus is responsible for the ongoing devastating pandemic. Since the early phase of the pandemic, the "cytokine-storm" appeared a peculiar aspect of SARS-COV-2 infection which, at least in the severe cases, is responsible for respiratory treat damage and subsequent multi-organ failure. The efforts made in the last few months elucidated that the cytokine-storm results from a complex network involving cytokines/chemokines/infiltrating-immune-cells which orchestrate the aberrant immune response in COVID-19. Clinical and experimental studies aimed at depicting a potential "immune signature" of SARS-COV-2, identified three main "actors," namely the cytokine IL-6, the chemokine CXCL10 and the infiltrating immune cell type macrophages. Although other cytokines, chemokines and infiltrating immune cells are deeply involved and their role should not be neglected, based on currently available data, IL-6, CXCL10, and infiltrating macrophages could be considered prototype factors representing each component of the immune system. It rapidly became clear that a strong and continuous interplay among the three components of the immune response is mandatory in order to produce a severe clinical course of the disease. Indeed, while IL-6, CXCL10 and macrophages alone would not be able to fully drive the onset and maintenance of the cytokine-storm, the establishment of a IL-6/CXCL10/macrophages axis is crucial in driving the sequence of events characterizing this condition. The present review is specifically aimed at overviewing current evidences provided by both
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.