ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Neurological Symptoms of COVID-19: The Zonulin Hypothesis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Developing a general research framework for long COVID using causal modelling.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Pathological Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: A Review for Clinicians.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2024Review
- Potential long-term neurological and gastrointestinal effects of COVID-19: A review of adult cohorts.World journal of methodology · 2023Article
- Infection, Dysbiosis and Inflammation Interplay in the COVID Era in Children.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Zonulin as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Disorders: Encouraging Results and Emerging Questions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Hepatobiliary system and intestinal injury in new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): A retrospective study.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Article
- Development and management of gastrointestinal symptoms in long-term COVID-19.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Increase in gut permeability and oxidized ldl is associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Resolving the conflicts around Par2 opposing roles in regeneration by comparing immune-mediated and toxic-induced injuries.Inflammation and regeneration · 2022Article
- IL-6, IL-10, sFas, granulysin and indicators of intestinal permeability as early biomarkers for a fatal outcome in COVID-19.Immunobiology · 2022Article
- Gut-brain communication in COVID-19: molecular mechanisms, mediators, biomarkers, and therapeutics.Expert review of clinical immunology · 2022Article
- Celiac Disease and Targeting the Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in COVID Pandemic.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Clinical characteristics and respiratory care in hospitalized vaccinated SARS-CoV-2 patients.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Spatial analysis of COVID-19 hospitalised cases in an entire city: The risk of studying only lattice data.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- The contribution of gut-brain axis to development of neurological symptoms in COVID-19 recovered patients: A hypothesis and review of literature.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Zonulin, a marker of gut permeability, is associated with mortality in a cohort of hospitalised peruvian COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- An Overview of Neurological and Psychiatric Complications During Post-COVID Period: A Narrative Review.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Review
- Receptor-Loaded Virion Endangers GPCR Signaling: Mechanistic Exploration of SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Pharmacological Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Infected Pediatric Cerebral Cortical Neurons: Transcriptomic Analysis and Potential Role of Toll-like Receptors in Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The irruption of SARS-CoV-2 during 2020 has been of pandemic proportions due to its rapid spread and virulence. COVID-19 patients experience respiratory, digestive and neurological symptoms. Distinctive symptom as anosmia, suggests a potential neurotropism of this virus. Amongst the several pathways of entry to the nervous system, we propose an alternative pathway from the infection of the gut, involving Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), zonulin, protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and zonulin brain receptor. Possible use of zonulin antagonists could be investigated to attenuate neurological manifestations caused by SARS-CoV-19 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.