ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Optimization of T Cell Redirecting Strategies: Obtaining Inspirations From Natural Process of T Cell Activation.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Co-expression of non-signaling CARs enhances EGFRvIII-specific CAR T-cell cytotoxicity against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Induced proximity-based therapeutic modalities.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- CD99-mediated immunological synapse formation potentiates CAR-T cell function.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Homologous recombination proficient subtypes of high-grade serous ovarian cancer: treatment options for a poor prognosis group.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor clustering via cysteines enhances T-cell efficacy against tumor.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) redirected T cell against tumors is one of the most promising immunotherapy approaches. However, insufficient clinical outcomes are still observed in treatments of both solid and non-solid tumors. Limited efficacy and poor persistence are two major challenges in redirected T cell therapies. The immunological synapse (IS) is a vital component during the T cell response, which largely determines the clinical outcomes of T cell-based therapies. Here, we review the structural and signaling characteristics of IS formed by natural T cells and redirected T cells. Furthermore, inspired by the elaborate natural T cell receptor-mediated IS, we provide potential strategies for higher efficacy and longer persistence of redirected T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.