ReviewFrontiers in neurology2021
An Overview of Venous Abnormalities Related to the Development of Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Neurovascular Coupling in Multiple Sclerosis-A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- The Neurovascular Niche: A Gathering Venue for Neuroinflammation and Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Decreased Visibility of Deep Medullary Vein Associated with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden through Increased Interstitial Fluid in White Matter.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Deep medullary veins: a promising neuroimaging marker for neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Differential Analysis of Venous Sinus Diameters: Unveiling Vascular Alterations in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- miR-24-3p and miR-484 are potential biomarkers for neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Neuro-image: developmental venous anomaly and central vein sign in multiple sclerosis.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2024Article
- Microglia/macrophage polarization regulates spontaneous remyelination in intermittent cuprizone model of demyelination.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2024Article
- Blood vessels in a dish: the evolution, challenges, and potential of vascularized tissues and organoids.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Cerebral venous congestion alters brain metabolite profiles, impairing cognitive function.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023Article
- Identification of MiR-223 Associated with Diagnosis in Ectopic Pregnancy.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- Biomechanical changes of the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein in patients with multiple sclerosis.Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
- Distant Recurrence of a Cerebral Cavernous Malformation in the Vicinity of a Developmental Venous Anomaly: Case Report of Local Oxy-Inflammatory Events.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Flow volume measurement of arterial venous and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with multiple sclerosis.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2022Article
- Reduced white matter venous density on MRI is associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in the elderly.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Incidence of Developmental Venous Anomalies in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A 3 Tesla MRI Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is currently understood to be autoimmune. However, there is a long history and growing evidence for disrupted vasculature and flow within the disease pathology. A broad review of the literature related to vascular effects in MS revealed a suggestive role for abnormal flow in the medullary vein system. Evidence for venous involvement in multiple sclerosis dates back to the early pathological work by Charcot and Bourneville, in the mid-nineteenth century. Pioneering work by Adams in the 1980s demonstrated vasculitis within the walls of veins and venules proximal to active MS lesions. And more recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to show manifestations of the central vein as a precursor to the development of new MS lesions, and high-resolution MRI using Ferumoxytol has been used to reveal the microvasculature that has previously only been demonstrated in cadaver brains. Both approaches may shed new light into the structural changes occurring in MS lesions. The material covered in this review shows that multiple pathophysiological events may occur sequentially, in parallel, or in a vicious circle which include: endothelial damage, venous collagenosis and fibrin deposition, loss of vessel compliance, venous hypertension, perfusion reduction followed by ischemia, medullary vein dilation and local vascular remodeling. We come to the conclusion that a potential source of MS lesions is due to locally disrupted flow which in turn leads to remodeling of the medullary veins followed by endothelial damage with the subsequent escape of glial cells, cytokines, etc. These ultimately lead to the cascade of inflammatory and demyelinating events which ensue in the course of the disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.