ArticleBMJ open2021
Neuroinflammation in cognitive decline post-cardiac surgery (the FOCUS study): an observational study protocol.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04520802 (Neuroinflammation in Cognitive Decline Post-cardiac Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neuroinflammation in Cognitive Decline Post-cardiac Surgery: The FOCUS Study
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating Biomarkers to Predict Post-Operative Cognitive Decline in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- The known and unknown of post-pump chorea: a case report on robust steroid responsiveness implicating occult neuroinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Peripheral inflammation as a potential mechanism and preventive strategy for perioperative neurocognitive disorder under general anesthesia and surgery.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPostoperative cognitive dysfunction occurs frequently after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, but neuroinflammation might play a pivotal role. We hypothesise that systemic inflammation induced by the surgical trauma could activate the innate immune (glial) cells of the brain. This could lead to an exaggerated neuroinflammatory cascade, resulting in neuronal dysfunction and loss of neuronal cells. Therefore, the aims of this study are to assess neuroinflammation in vivo presurgery and postsurgery in patients undergoing major cardiac surgery and investigate whether there is a relationship of neuroinflammation to cognitive outcomes, changes to brain structure and function, and systemic inflammation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The FOCUS study is a prospective, single-centre observational study, including 30 patients undergoing elective on-pump CABG. Translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography neuroimaging will be performed preoperatively and postoperatively using the second generation tracer ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Patients do not benefit directly from engaging in the study, but imaging neuroinflammation is considered safe and no side effects are expected. The study protocol obtained ethical approval by the Medical Research Ethics Committee region Arnhem-Nijmegen. This work will be published in peer-reviewed international medical journals and presented at medical conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04520802.
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Registered trials
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