ArticleAIDS research and therapy2021
Association between depression and HIV treatment outcomes in a US military population with HIV infection.
Article in AIDS research and therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Characteristics and HIV-Related Outcomes of People Living with Co-occurring HIV and Mental Health Conditions in the United States: A Systematic Review of Literature from 2016 to 2021.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Causes and risk factors of death among people who inject drugs in Indonesia, Ukraine and Vietnam: findings from HPTN 074 randomized trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Predictors of virological outcomes in patients with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Osogbo, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A Bayesian network analysis to examine the effects of HIV stigma processes on self-concept and depressive symptoms among persons living with HIV.Journal of personality · 2025Article
- Coping strategies associated with art adherence among older adults living with HIV, South Carolina.Psychology, health & medicine · 2025Article
- Military personnel's satisfaction with antiretroviral services in Namibia: A cross-sectional study.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Article
- Antiretroviral therapy non-adherence and its relationship with cognitive impairment, alcohol use disorder, and depression in adolescents living with HIV.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Self-Reported Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Among Women Engaged in Commercial Sex Work in Southern Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- The role of health facility and individual level characteristics on medication adherence among PLHIV on second-line antiretroviral therapy in Northeast Ethiopia: use of multi-level model.AIDS research and therapy · 2022Article
- Unraveling the central and bridge psychological symptoms of people living with HIV: A network analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundDepression is common among HIV-infected individuals and may contribute to suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and subsequent inability to attain viral load (VL) suppression. We evaluated associations between depression, self-reported adherence, and longitudinal HIV treatment outcomes in US Military HIV Natural History Study (NHS) participants with and without depression.
methodsMale NHS participants with available ICD-9 data for mental health diagnoses, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) measures, and self-reported adherence (SRA) were included. ART use was defined as ART initiation between 2006 and 2010, with follow-up through 2015. SRA was defined as taking 95% of ART doses and continuous ART was defined as longitudinal ART use with gaps < 30 days. Continuous VL suppression was defined as maintaining VLs < 200 c/mL on ART. To analyse the association between depression and HIV treatment outcomes, latent class analysis was used to create classes of depression trajectories: low depression (LD), recent onset depression (ROD) and high Depression (HD).
resultsParticipants had a mean age of 32 (± 8.3) years at HIV diagnosis, and similar proportions were Caucasian (44.3%) or African American (40.8%). Overall, older participants at HIV diagnosis had greater odds of having 95% self-reported adherence (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.12), and African Americans had lower odds (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.22-0.76) compared to Caucasians (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.52-4.28). However, there was no difference in SRA by depression trajectory. Participants with HD had an increased odds of taking ART continuously (OR 1.75, 95% CI 0.99-3.09), and those with ROD had significantly higher odds of virologic failure (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38-0.91).
conclusionsAlthough there was no observed association between depression and SRA, participants with ROD had lower odds of attaining the HIV treatment goal of VL suppression. Continued efforts to identify and aggressively manage mental health disorders is important to success along the HIV care continuum.
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