SynthesisBMC medicine2021
Association between HIV infection and hypertension: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies.
Synthesis in BMC medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 55 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Burden and Challenges of Managing Hypertension in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Mixed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of public health · 2025Pooled it
- Regional variation in NAFLD prevalence and risk factors among people living with HIV in Europe: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in active tuberculosis in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Hypertension Prevalence and Control at Trial Entry in the REPRIEVE Study Population: Results From a Secondary Analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Incidence, risk factors, and cardiovascular impact of hypertension in people with HIV: a secondary analysis of the REPRIEVE trial.The lancet. HIV · 2026Trial
- Psychological responses to interval and continuous exercise in people living with HIV: A single-blind, counterbalanced, crossover study.HIV medicine · 2026Trial
- A head-to-head comparison of health utilities and measurement properties of the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2 among people living with HIV in China.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Projected burden of hypertension-associated cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV versus HIV-negative adults in Eswatini.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Physical activity and hypertension amongst HIV-positive and HIV-negative populations in rural South Africa.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Observational
- Factors associated with prevalent hypertension among adults living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in Yaounde, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- The impact of inflammation, neuromodulation, and gut microbiota on developing cardiac fibrosis and hypertension.Cardiovascular research · 2026Review
- Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Relationships Between Viral Infections and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Protective association of theFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Linkage to and retention in chronic care among patients diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, or HIV in DIMAMO PHRC clinics, South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- The Prevalence and Predictors of Hypertension and Albuminuria in People with HIV (PWHIV)-Real-World Greek Data.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prolonged Exposure to Antiretroviral Therapy and Risk of Developing Hypertension Among HIV-Infected Clinic Attendees: A Pilot Study in Rural Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Article
- HIV clinical outcomes among people with HIV and diabetes mellitus in Kampala, Uganda; A matched retrospective cohort study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Optimizing cardiometabolic risk in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A deep dive into an important risk enhancer.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImproved access to effective antiretroviral therapy has meant that people living with HIV (PLHIV) are surviving to older ages. However, PLHIV may be ageing differently to HIV-negative individuals, with dissimilar burdens of non-communicable diseases, such as hypertension. While some observational studies have reported a higher risk of prevalent hypertension among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative individuals, others have found a reduced burden. To clarify the relationship between HIV and hypertension, we identified observational studies and pooled their results to assess whether there is a difference in hypertension risk by HIV status.
methodsWe performed a global systematic review and meta-analysis of published cross-sectional studies that examined hypertension risk by HIV status among adults aged > 15 (PROSPERO: CRD42019151359). We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health and Cochrane CENTRAL to August 23, 2020, and checked reference lists of included articles. Our main outcome was the risk ratio for prevalent hypertension in PLHIV compared to HIV-negative individuals. Summary estimates were pooled with a random effects model and meta-regression explored whether any difference was associated with study-level factors.
resultsOf 21,527 identified studies, 59 were eligible (11,101,581 participants). Crude global hypertension risk was lower among PLHIV than HIV-negative individuals (risk ratio 0.90, 95% CI 0.85-0.96), although heterogeneity between studies was high (I
conclusionsOur findings suggest that the relationship between HIV status and prevalent hypertension differs by region. The results highlight the need to tailor hypertension prevention and care to local contexts and underscore the importance of rapidly optimising integration of services for HIV and hypertension in the worst affected regions. The role of different risk factors for hypertension in driving context-specific trends remains unclear, so development of further cohorts of PLHIV and HIV-negative controls focused on this would also be valuable.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.