ArticleBMC psychiatry2021
Naturalistic exploratory study of the associations of substance use on ADHD outcomes and function.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mood instability as a transdiagnostic predictor of cannabis use in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depression: A natural language processing analysis of electronic health records from 13,025 adolescents.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Diagnostic stability of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during healthcare transition.Health care transitions · 2025Article
- The diagnostic effect of integrated visual and auditory continuous performance and event-related potentials in ADHD.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- UK Medical Cannabis Registry: An analysis of clinical outcomes of medicinal cannabis therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2023Article
- Drinking alcohol to cope with hyperactive ADHD? Self-reports vs. continuous performance test in patients with ADHD and/or alcohol use disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Therapeutic Cannabis Use Motives.The Psychiatric clinics of North America · 2022Review
- Comorbidity of adult ADHD and substance use disorder in a sample of inpatients bipolar disorder in Iran.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased risk of substance use disorder (SUD), existing literature on how SUD interacts with ADHD outcomes is limited. This study investigates whether SUD among individuals with ADHD is associated with worse ADHD outcomes and prognosis, and the association between overall functioning and SUD. In addition, we seek to understand whether heavy cannabis use is a better predictor of poorer outcomes compared to SUD status alone.
methodWe conducted a retrospective analysis on 50 ADHD patient charts, which were allocated based on SUD status. Subgroup analysis was performed on the total sample population, with allocation based on heavy cannabis use. Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square tests were used for both the primary and subgroup analyses.
resultsSUD status highly correlated with more ADHD-related cognitive impairments and poorer functional outcomes at the time of diagnosis. ADHD patients with comorbid ADHD-SUD scored significantly lower (p = < 0.0001) on objective cognitive testing (Integrated Auditory and Visual Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT)) than ADHD patients without SUD. The correlation with poorer ADHD outcomes was more pronounced when groups were allocated based on heavy cannabis use status; in addition to significantly lower IVA/CPT scores (p = 0.0011), heavy cannabis use was associated with more severe fine motor hyperactivity and self-reported hyperactivity/impulsivity scores (p = 0.0088 and 0.0172, respectively).
conclusionFuture research is needed to determine how substance abuse can be a barrier to improved ADHD outcomes, and the effect cannabis and other substances have on cognitive function and pharmacotherapy of ADHD.
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