ArticleImmunity2021
Six distinct NFκB signaling codons convey discrete information to distinguish stimuli and enable appropriate macrophage responses.
Article in Immunity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage response specificity to ligand mixtures is improved by signaling pathway antagonism.Molecular systems biology · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal calcium signaling to unlock the calcium paradox: location, location, location!American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026Article
- Coordinated Two-Node Blockade of NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad Signaling Attenuates the Foreign Body Response to Prevent Capsular Contracture.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Heritable single-cell gene expression states shape functional variability in innate immune responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Phased fragility and stability of non-genetic B cell states in the germinal center accelerate the genetic evolution of antibodies.Cell systems · 2026Article
- Dysregulated NF-κB dynamics impair proteostasis and drive premature differentiation in aging B cell development.Cell press blue · 2026Article
- Are physiological oscillations physiological?The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- A dsRNA Viral Transcriptional Regulator Evades Innate Immunity by Hijacking Host CoTranscription Factor DHX9.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Autonomous Oscillations of NF-κB.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Autonomous Oscillations of NF-κB.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Decoding the temporal dimension of innate immunity in intravesical BCG therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- NEMO recruitment at single cytokine-receptor complexes shows quantized dynamics independent of ligand affinity.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Receptor dimerization enables ligand discrimination through tunable response heterogeneity.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- NF-κB epigenetic attractor landscape drives breast cancer heterogeneity.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2025Article
- Ligand discrimination in immune cells: Signal processing insights into immune dysfunction in ER+ breast cancer.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Distinct roles for NF-κB in hematopoietic stem cells and the bone marrow milieu in promoting hematopoietic aging.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Reconstructing noisy gene regulation dynamics using extrinsic-noise-driven neural stochastic differential equations.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Time-varying stimuli that prolong IKK activation promote nuclear remodeling and mechanistic switching of NF-κB dynamics.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A computational workflow for assessing drug effects on temporal signaling dynamics reveals robustness in stimulus-specific NFκB signaling.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages initiate inflammatory responses via the transcription factor NFκB. The temporal pattern of NFκB activity determines which genes are expressed and thus, the type of response that ensues. Here, we examined how information about the stimulus is encoded in the dynamics of NFκB activity. We generated an mVenus-RelA reporter mouse line to enable high-throughput live-cell analysis of primary macrophages responding to host- and pathogen-derived stimuli. An information-theoretic workflow identified six dynamical features-termed signaling codons-that convey stimulus information to the nucleus. In particular, oscillatory trajectories were a hallmark of responses to cytokine but not pathogen-derived stimuli. Single-cell imaging and RNA sequencing of macrophages from a mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome revealed inappropriate responses to stimuli, suggestive of confusion of two NFκB signaling codons. Thus, the dynamics of NFκB signaling classify immune threats through six signaling codons, and signal confusion based on defective codon deployment may underlie the etiology of some inflammatory diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.