ArticlePloS one2021
Retinal oxygen saturation changes progressively over time in diabetic retinopathy.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05566626 (A Single Centre, Controlled, Investigation to Evaluate the Performance of the Hyperspectral Camera for Retinal Non-invasive Examination Through the Observation of Retinal Oxygenation), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Single Centre, Controlled, Investigation to Evaluate the Performance of the Hyperspectral Camera for Retinal Non-invasive Examination Through the Observation of Retinal Oxygenation
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synthetic data-driven diabetic retinopathy diagnosis with explainable AI: a clinically interpretable framework.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Assessing and monitoring abnormal retinal blood circulation for early detection of pre-structural damage and enhanced diabetic retinopathy staging using non-invasive, high-resolution biophotonic imaging technology.Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
- Retinal oximetry: new insights into ocular and systemic diseases.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Evaluation of macular retinal oximetry across different levels of diabetic retinopathy: a cross sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Test-retest repeatability in macular retinal oximetry.Clinical & experimental optometry · 2024Article
- Variability in Capillary Perfusion Is Increased in Regions of Retinal Ischemia Due to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Retinal Oxygen Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Different Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy.Diabetes · 2022Article
- An analysis of the correlation between diabetic retinopathy and preretinal oxygen tension using three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled echo sequence imaging.BMC medical imaging · 2022Article
- Association of Retinal Oximetry with Peripheral Diabetic Retinopathy Lesions and Nonperfusion on Ultra-widefield Angiography.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAccording to cross-sectional studies, oxygen saturation is elevated in retinal vessels in diabetic patients. We evaluated how retinal oxygenation (metabolic marker), vessel diameters and retinopathy grade (structural markers) change over time in diabetic patients.
designProspective cohort study following screening in a hospital setting.
methodsRetinal oximetry images were acquired in 214 patients with the Oxymap T1 oximeter. Imaging was repeated after a median of 3.0 years (range 0.76-6.8 years). Oxygen saturation and vessel diameters were measured in the right eye. Semiquantitative grading of retinopathy according to international guidelines and red lesion count were performed on fundus photographs.
resultsRetinopathy grade according to the international semiquantitative grading system was unchanged. Arteriolar saturation increased by 0.75±0.15 percentage points per year of follow-up (p<0.0001). Venular saturation increased by 1.74±0.26 percentage points per year (p<0.0001) and arteriovenous difference decreased by 0.99±0.20 percentage points per year (p<0.0001). Arteriolar diameters decreased by 2.7±8.5μm (p<0.0001) between visits and venular diameters decreased by 2.4±9.1μm (p = 0.0002). Median increase in red lesion count between visits was 2 lesions (range -128 to 212 lesions, p<0.0001). The change in red lesion count and change in diameters did not correlate with the length of follow-up (p>0.44).
conclusionsOxygen saturation in larger retinal vessels can increase and arteriovenous difference can decrease over time in diabetic patients without any observable changes in retinopathy grade. The results suggest that changes in retinal oxygen saturation may precede progression of diabetic retinopathy or that oxygen saturation is more sensitive to disease progression than retinopathy grade.
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Registered trials
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