ArticleJournal of dental research2021
Cigarette Smoke Exposure Inhibits Osteoclast Apoptosis via the mtROS Pathway.
Article in Journal of dental research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathophysiology and Molecular Signalling in Osteoporosis: Linking Risk Factors to Bone Loss.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Cell Death in Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Recent Advances and Emerging Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Prognostic role of smoking in metastatic renal cell carcinoma in real-world data from the Turkish Oncology Group Kidney Cancer Consortium (TKCC).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The effects of low-yield nicotine cigarette smoke inhalation on orthodontic tooth movement.Korean journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Assessment of photobiomodulation effect on osteoblast-like MG-63 cell biological behavior: analyzing proliferation and migration in the absence or presence of nicotine.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Development and internal validation of a clinical prediction model for osteopenia in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men: a prospective cohort study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Smoking and osteoimmunology: Understanding the interplay between bone metabolism and immune homeostasis.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2024Review
- L-PRF Secretome from Both Smokers/Nonsmokers Stimulates Angiogenesis and Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Nicotine destructs dental stem cell-based periodontal tissue regeneration.Journal of dental sciences · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the Effects of e-Cigarette Aerosol Extracts and Tobacco Cigarette Smoke Extracts on RAW264.7 Cells.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Osteoimmunology in Periodontitis and Orthodontic Tooth Movement.Current osteoporosis reports · 2023Review
- Review
- Impact of the host response and osteoblast lineage cells on periodontal disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
It is widely known that smoking is a risk factor for bone loss and plays a key role in osteopenia. Despite this well-known association, the mechanisms by which smoking affects bone have not been definitively established. Since smoking increases bone loss and potentially affects bone resorption in response to mechanical force, we investigated the impact of cigarette smoke on osteoclast numbers and underlying mechanisms in a mouse model of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The experimental group was exposed to once-daily cigarette smoke while the control group was not, and tooth movement distance and osteoclast numbers were assessed. In addition, the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on osteoclast precursor proliferation and osteoclast apoptosis was assessed in vitro. We found that cigarette smoke exposure enhanced bone remodeling stimulated by mechanical force and increased osteoclast numbers in vivo. Also, CSE increased the number of osteoclasts by inhibiting osteoclast apoptosis via the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species/cytochrome C/caspase 3 pathway in vitro. Moreover, exposure of mice to cigarette smoke affected bone marrow cells, leading to increased formation of osteoclasts in vitro. This study identifies a previously unknown mechanism of how smoking has a detrimental impact on bone.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.