Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33978150›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021

Positive Correlation Between Candida auris Skin-Colonization Burden and Environmental Contamination at a Ventilator-Capable Skilled Nursing Facility in Chicago.

D Joseph Sexton, Meghan L Bentz, Rory M Welsh, Gordana Derado, William Furin, Laura J Rose, Judith Noble-Wang, Massimo Pacilli, Tristan D McPherson, Stephanie Black and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Methods for skin load reduction of Candida auris: a systematic review.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. A chloramine-based antiseptic polymer improvesAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Active Screening forJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  9. Multicenter performance evaluation of the SimplexaJournal of clinical microbiology · 2026
    Article
  10. Disinfectant tolerance ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026
    Article
  11. hLife · 2026
    Article
  12. Molecular Epidemiology ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026
    Article
  13. Diabetes and Immunosuppression Drive Distinct Patterns ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  14. Risk Factors Associated With Progression to Clinical Candida auris Infection Among Adults With Previous Colonization-Florida, 2019-2023.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026
    Article
  15. mBio · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Microbiology spectrum · 2026
    Article
  18. Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  19. Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2026
    Review
  20. Review

1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

D Joseph SextonMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3099-7334
Meghan L BentzMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Rory M WelshMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Gordana DeradoDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
William FurinClinical and Environmental Microbiology Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Laura J RoseClinical and Environmental Microbiology Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Judith Noble-WangClinical and Environmental Microbiology Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Massimo PacilliChicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Tristan D McPhersonChicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Stephanie BlackChicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Sarah K KembleChicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Owen HerzeghEnhanced Capacity Surge Laboratory, Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Ausaf AhmadEnhanced Capacity Surge Laboratory, Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Kaitlin ForsbergMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Brendan JacksonMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Anastasia P LitvintsevaMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCandida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast that contaminates healthcare environments causing healthcare-associated outbreaks. The mechanisms facilitating contamination are not established.

methodsC. auris was quantified in residents' bilateral axillary/inguinal composite skin swabs and environmental samples during a point-prevalence survey at a ventilator-capable skilled-nursing facility (vSNF A) with documented high colonization prevalence. Environmental samples were collected from all doorknobs, windowsills and handrails of each bed in 12 rooms. C. auris concentrations were measured using culture and C. auris-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) The relationship between C. auris concentrations in residents' swabs and associated environmental samples were evaluated using Kendall's tau-b (τ b) correlation coefficient.

resultsC. auris was detected in 70/100 tested environmental samples and 31/57 tested resident skin swabs. The mean C. auris concentration in skin swabs was 1.22 × 105 cells/mL by culture and 1.08 × 106 cells/mL by qPCR. C. auris was detected on all handrails of beds occupied by colonized residents, as well as 10/24 doorknobs and 9/12 windowsills. A positive correlation was identified between the concentrations of C. auris in skin swabs and associated handrail samples based on culture (τ b = 0.54, P = .0004) and qPCR (τ b = 0.66, P = 3.83e-6). Two uncolonized residents resided in beds contaminated with C. auris.

conclusionsColonized residents can have high C. auris burdens on their skin, which was positively related with contamination of their surrounding healthcare environment. These findings underscore the importance of hand hygiene, transmission-based precautions, and particularly environmental disinfection in preventing spread in healthcare facilities.

Indexed as

CandidaSkilled Nursing FacilitiesChicagoInfection ControlVentilators, MechanicalCandida aurisfungiHAIinfection controltransmission

Identifiers

PMID33978150
PMCPMC8492228

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.