ArticlePeerJ2021
A DNA barcode library for the butterflies of North America.
Article in PeerJ, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Equatorial Hemispheric Barrier Shapes the Diversification of Migratory Belenois Butterflies.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Unique among high passes: Insights into the genetic uniqueness among butterflies of Ladakh Trans-Himalaya through DNA barcoding.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages for West Palearctic butterflies.Science advances · 2024Article
- Unique among high passes: Phylogenetic inferences from DNA barcoding of the butterResearch square · 2024Article
- Article
- Phylogeography of Two Enigmatic Sulphur Butterflies,Insects · 2023Article
- New Complex of Cryptic Species Discovered in Genus Biblis (Papilionoidea: Nymphalidae: Biblidinae) in Mexico.Neotropical entomology · 2022Article
- Identifying the Genetic Distance Threshold for Entiminae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Species Delimitation via COI Barcodes.Insects · 2022Article
- Article
- Museum genomics reveals the Xerces blue butterfly (Biology letters · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although the butterflies of North America have received considerable taxonomic attention, overlooked species and instances of hybridization continue to be revealed. The present study assembles a DNA barcode reference library for this fauna to identify groups whose patterns of sequence variation suggest the need for further taxonomic study. Based on 14,626 records from 814 species, DNA barcodes were obtained for 96% of the fauna. The maximum intraspecific distance averaged 1/4 the minimum distance to the nearest neighbor, producing a barcode gap in 76% of the species. Most species (80%) were monophyletic, the others were para- or polyphyletic. Although 15% of currently recognized species shared barcodes, the incidence of such taxa was far higher in regions exposed to Pleistocene glaciations than in those that were ice-free. Nearly 10% of species displayed high intraspecific variation (>2.5%), suggesting the need for further investigation to assess potential cryptic diversity. Aside from aiding the identification of all life stages of North American butterflies, the reference library has provided new perspectives on the incidence of both cryptic and potentially over-split species, setting the stage for future studies that can further explore the evolutionary dynamics of this group.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.