ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2021
Safety assessment of titanium dioxide (E171) as a food additive.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 315 citations in OpenAlex.
- Titanium Detected in Liver, Kidney, Spleen, and Intestine Is Not Related to Dose, Time, or Route of Exposure to Titanium Dioxide: A Systematic Review.Environmental toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- Dietary Titanium Dioxide (E171) Alters the Colon Transcriptome-Evidence From a Human Dietary Intervention Study.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Trial
- Ti(IV) Asymmetric Acetyl-Substituted Phenolato Hexacoordinate Complexes as Anticancer Chemotherapy of Enhanced Bioavailability.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Digestive-transformed titanium dioxide nanoparticles disrupt intestinal barrier via mitoxyperilysis mediated by mTOR-cytoskeleton axis dysregulation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Biomimetic Design of Biopolymer-Based Water-Resistant Food Packaging Materials.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Emerging Nanomedicine Approaches for Neurodegenerative Diseases.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- Food-grade TiOJournal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Damselflies overcome color saturation barriers of photonic glasses via pigment loading and refractive index modulation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Food Additive Titanium Dioxide (E171) Increases Intracellular Labile FeJournal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Concise Review of Corrective Responsive Food Packaging: Recent Advances and Future Prospects.Polymers · 2026Review
- Applicability of in vitro mouse lung epithelial cell responses for potency grouping and hazard identification of metal oxide nanoparticles: impact of form, size, surface area, and solubility on toxicity.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Maternal exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles disrupts ultrasonic vocalization development in mouse offspring.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2026Article
- Analytical challenges in the assessment of intestinal fate, uptake and crossing of food-relevant nanomaterials.Mikrochimica acta · 2026Review
- All things are active … new approach methods for excipient safety.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Detection of cancer epigenetic alterations in a pilot cohort of workers exposed to TiOFrontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Selection of Solubility Enhancement Technologies for S-892216, a Novel COVID-19 Drug Candidate.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Evaluation of the Genotoxic Potential of Food Additive Titanium Dioxide in Human Intestinal Cell Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Ultra-Processed Foods and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Review of Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Dietary Implications.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Release of Titanium Particles After Implantoplasty in the Treatment of Peri-Implantitis: Local and Systemic Implications-An Integrative Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
50 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The present opinion deals with an updated safety assessment of the food additive titanium dioxide (E 171) based on new relevant scientific evidence considered by the Panel to be reliable, including data obtained with TiO
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.