ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2021
Autoantibodies in neurological disease.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 178 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
178 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 312 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-mGluR5 encephalitis: distinctive clinical features and antibody patterns in the Chinese population.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system: a systematic literature review.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Molecular mimicry of NMDA receptors may contribute to neuropsychiatric symptoms in severe COVID-19 cases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Pooled it
- Long-term maintenance of mycophenolate mofetil in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (LEARN): a multicentre, open-label, blinded-endpoint, randomised controlled trial.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Neuronal autoantibodies associated with poorer neuropsychological and motor outcomes 6 months after stroke: results from the PHYS-STROKE trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Associations of viral infections and antiviral vaccinations with anti-NMDAR and other forms of autoimmune encephalitis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis in psychiatry: clinical recommendations and unresolved challenges from the GENERATE network.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Neuronal Antibodies in Patients With Atypical Parkinsonism.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Observational
- Immune-mediated excitotoxicity in brain disorders.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Identification of autoantibodies against L1CAM in patients with schizophrenia.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Research Advances and Biological Features of IgA for Immune-Related Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- High-Affinity Human Germline and Mutated Autoantibodies Commonly Cross-React to Self-Antigens in 5 Subgroups of Autoimmune Encephalitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Synaptophysin autoantibodies mediate synaptic dysfunction in cerebellar ataxia.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Cerebellar Involvement in Immune-Mediated Pediatric Acute Ataxia: Clinical Spectrum, MRI Findings, and Predictors of MOG Antibody Positivity.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Article
- Intrathecal immunoglobulin production in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- AMPAR immunization induces progressive autoimmune encephalitis with autoreactive B cells in the brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- IgLON5 autoimmune antibodies activate Tau via neuronal hyperactivity.Science advances · 2026Article
- Article
- Neuronal autoantibodies in neurodegenerative dementia: From evidence to clinical framework.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Review
- Translating Host-Derived Signals from Cerebrospinal Fluid Metagenomic Sequencing into a Diagnostic Tool for Autoimmune Encephalitis in Children.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
118 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The realization that autoantibodies can contribute to dysfunction of the brain has brought about a paradigm shift in neurological diseases over the past decade, offering up important novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. Detection of specific autoantibodies to neuronal or glial targets has resulted in a better understanding of central nervous system autoimmunity and in the reclassification of some diseases previously thought to result from infectious, 'idiopathic' or psychogenic causes. The most prominent examples, such as aquaporin 4 autoantibodies in neuromyelitis optica or NMDAR autoantibodies in encephalitis, have stimulated an entire field of clinical and experimental studies on disease mechanisms and immunological abnormalities. Also, these findings inspired the search for additional autoantibodies, which has been very successful to date and has not yet reached its peak. This Review summarizes this rapid development at a point in time where preclinical studies have started delivering fundamental new data for mechanistic understanding, where new technologies are being introduced into this field, and - most importantly - where the first specifically tailored immunotherapeutic approaches are emerging.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.