Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33976169›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Expression of FoxP2 in the basal ganglia regulates vocal motor sequences in the adult songbird.

Lei Xiao, Devin P Merullo, Therese M I Koch, Mou Cao, Marissa Co, Ashwinikumar Kulkarni, Genevieve Konopka, Todd F Roberts

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 50% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Striatal Dopamine at Learned Sequence Boundaries Sustains Birdsong.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. The songbird basal ganglia connectome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  8. Change of Spiny Neuron Structure in the Basal Ganglia Song Circuit and Its Regulation by miR-9 during Song Development.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Lei XiaoDepartment of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4655-9630
Devin P MerulloDepartment of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2082-9492
Therese M I KochDepartment of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5327-3219
Mou CaoDepartment of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Marissa CoDepartment of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6764-0171
Ashwinikumar KulkarniDepartment of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Genevieve KonopkaDepartment of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3363-7302
Todd F RobertsDepartment of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. Todd.Roberts@utsouthwestern.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-0967-6598
Southwestern Medical Center · US

Funding

Reinforcement Mechanisms for Learning Vocal Behaviors - Renewal - 1R01NS102488 · NINDS · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI TODD F ROBERTS · 2018 to 2026
$4.9M
Functional dissection of mammalian vocal communicationR01DC014702 · NIDCD · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI KONOPKA, GENEVIEVE · 2016 to 2020
$1.7M
Genes and Behavior: Reversible Knockdown of FoxP2 in Vocal LearningR21DC016340 · NIDCD · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI KONOPKA, GENEVIEVE, ROBERTS, TODD F · 2017 to 2017
$324k
Cell-type specific transcriptomes associated with vocal learningF32NS112557 · NINDS · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI MERULLO, DEVIN · 2019 to 2021
$153k
NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC014702NIDCD NIH HHS R21 DC016340NINDS NIH HHS F32 NS112557NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS102488
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Disruption of the transcription factor FoxP2, which is enriched in the basal ganglia, impairs vocal development in humans and songbirds. The basal ganglia are important for the selection and sequencing of motor actions, but the circuit mechanisms governing accurate sequencing of learned vocalizations are unknown. Here, we show that expression of FoxP2 in the basal ganglia is vital for the fluent initiation and termination of birdsong, as well as the maintenance of song syllable sequencing in adulthood. Knockdown of FoxP2 imbalances dopamine receptor expression across striatal direct-like and indirect-like pathways, suggesting a role of dopaminergic signaling in regulating vocal motor sequencing. Confirming this prediction, we show that phasic dopamine activation, and not inhibition, during singing drives repetition of song syllables, thus also impairing fluent initiation and termination of birdsong. These findings demonstrate discrete circuit origins for the dysfluent repetition of vocal elements in songbirds, with implications for speech disorders.

Indexed as

AdultAnimalsAnimals, Genetically ModifiedCorpus StriatumDopamineFinchesForkhead Transcription FactorsGene Expression RegulationGene Knockdown TechniquesHigh Vocal CenterHumansMaleModels, AnimalNeural PathwaysOptogeneticsReceptors, DopamineDopamineForkhead Transcription FactorsReceptors, Dopamine

Identifiers

PMID33976169
PMCPMC8113549
OpenAlexW3011980185

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.