ArticleNature communications2021
Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic COVID-19 is persistent and critical for survival.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 242 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
242 citing papers in PubMed, 378 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phase 1/2 clinical trial of COVID-19 vaccine in Japanese participants: A report of interim findings.Vaccine · 2022Trial
- Sildenafil for treating patients with COVID-19 and perfusion mismatch: a pilot randomized trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Structure-Based Adaptation of a SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Peptide to New Virus Variants.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Sex differences in vaccine-induced immunity in mice immunized with integrase-defective lentiviral vector delivering the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Adenoviral vector oropharyngeal spray immunization elicits mucosal immunity and protects against heterologous SARS-CoV-2 infection.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Article
- Challenges to the Effectiveness and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Narrative Review with a Systematic Approach.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell electrical properties in response to viral exposure and vaccination.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Calculation of COVID-19 disease burden using Monte Carlo simulation with dynamic disability weights and analysis of transmission characteristics.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Neutralizing Antibodies: Role in Immune Response and Viral Vector Based Gene Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Adults in Ghana generate higher and more durable neutralising antibody titres following primary course COVID-19 vaccination than matched UK adults: The HERITAGE Study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinical Significance of Neutralizing Antibodies in COVID-19: Implications for Disease Prognosis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Viral and immune profiles during the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients in Sardinia, Italy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Mixed lipopeptide-based mucosal vaccine candidate induces cross-variant immunity and protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- Effective cellular and neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after mRNA booster vaccination is associated with pDC and B cell activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Convalescent Plasma for Immunocompromised Patients.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2025Review
- Good syndrome presenting with multiple pulmonary infections: a case report involving metagenomic sequencing diagnosis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
182 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Understanding how antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 evolve during infection may provide important insight into therapeutic approaches and vaccination for COVID-19. Here we profile the antibody responses of 162 COVID-19 symptomatic patients in the COVID-BioB cohort followed longitudinally for up to eight months from symptom onset to find SARS-CoV-2 neutralization, as well as antibodies either recognizing SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens and nucleoprotein, or specific for S2 antigen of seasonal beta-coronaviruses and hemagglutinin of the H1N1 flu virus. The presence of neutralizing antibodies within the first weeks from symptoms onset correlates with time to a negative swab result (p = 0.002), while the lack of neutralizing capacity correlates with an increased risk of a fatal outcome (p = 0.008). Neutralizing antibody titers progressively drop after 5-8 weeks but are still detectable up to 8 months in the majority of recovered patients regardless of age or co-morbidities, with IgG to spike antigens providing the best correlate of neutralization. Antibody responses to seasonal coronaviruses are temporarily boosted, and parallel those to SARS-CoV-2 without dampening the specific response or worsening disease progression. Our results thus suggest compromised immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike to be a major trait of COVID-19 patients with critical conditions, and thereby inform on the planning of COVID-19 patient care and therapy prioritization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.