ArticleNature communications2021
The impact of stopping and starting indoor residual spraying on malaria burden in Uganda.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of indoor residual spraying on malaria control: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2022Pooled it
- Inferring the epidemiological benefit of indoor vector control interventions against malaria from mosquito data.Nature communications · 2022Pooled it
- Indoor residual spraying for preventing malaria in communities using insecticide-treated nets.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Malaria Morbidity and Its Association With Indoor Residual Spraying in Amolatar District, Uganda: A Retrospective Ecological Study Using Routine DHIS2 Data.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Predictive Modelling of Climate-Driven Malaria Transmission for Optimal Control Using a Coupled SEIR-SEI and GIS Framework.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Can dual active ingredient Interceptor® G2 insecticide-treated net (ITN) replace indoor residual spraying (IRS) efficiently? A case study in Sakassou, Côte d'Ivoire.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Impact of a one-year interruption to vector control on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Impact of indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets on malaria burden in 8 districts in West Nile and Acholi regions, Uganda: a quasi-experimental study.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Hotspot Mapping, Spatiotemporal Clustering and Forecasting of Malaria Incidence in Uganda, 2014-2023: Strategies to Inform Targeted Public Health Interventions.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Longitudinal surveillance of Anopheles mosquitoes across different settings in Tanga and Unguja: increased distribution of An. merus in coastal and inland areas of Tanzania.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Estimating malaria attributable fraction using quantitative PCR in a longitudinal cohort in Eastern Uganda.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Chlorfenapyr bednets effectively overcome pyrethroid resistance escalation in highly resistant Anopheles malaria vectors in Uganda.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Modelling the impact of mosquito bed net utilization on malaria transmission and evolution of pyrethroid resistance.PloS one · 2026Article
- Geospatial epidemiological approaches to the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases: A systematic review.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2026Review
- Modified cone bioassay methods for evaluating chlorfenapyr indoor residual spray.MalariaWorld journal · 2026Article
- Impact of a one-year interruption to vector control on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Malaria epidemics and its drivers in Uganda in 2022.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Significant variations in tolerance to clothianidin and pirimiphos-methyl in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus populations during a dramatic malaria resurgence despite sustained indoor residual spraying in Uganda.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Adjusting vector surveillance for human behaviors reveals Anopheles funestus drove a resurgence in malaria despite IRS with clothianidin in Uganda.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The scale-up of malaria control efforts has led to marked reductions in malaria burden over the past twenty years, but progress has slowed. Implementation of indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticide, a proven vector control intervention, has been limited and difficult to sustain partly because questions remain on its added impact over widely accepted interventions such as bed nets. Using data from 14 enhanced surveillance health facilities in Uganda, a country with high bed net coverage yet high malaria burden, we estimate the impact of starting and stopping IRS on changes in malaria incidence. We show that stopping IRS was associated with a 5-fold increase in malaria incidence within 10 months, but reinstating IRS was associated with an over 5-fold decrease within 8 months. In areas where IRS was initiated and sustained, malaria incidence dropped by 85% after year 4. IRS could play a critical role in achieving global malaria targets, particularly in areas where progress has stalled.
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Registered trials
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