Observational studyBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2021
Treatment timing and the effects of rhythm control strategy in patients with atrial fibrillation: nationwide cohort study.
Observational study in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06307860 (Comparison of Pulse Field Ablation and Radiofrequency Ablation in Left Atrial Reverse Remodeling in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation), which is not on this map. Cited by 104 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Pulse Field Ablation and Radiofrequency Ablation in Left Atrial Reverse Remodeling in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.ESC heart failure · 2024Pooled it
- Guideline
- 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2024Guideline
- Catheter ablation improves cardiovascular outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2023Pooled it
- Early rhythm control vs. rate control in atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of early rhythm control in improving clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Using computed tomography atrial myocardial thickness maps in cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation: the UTMOST AF II randomized clinical trial.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of early rhythm control vs. usual care in atrial fibrillation care: an analysis based on data from the EAST-AFNET 4 trial.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2023Trial
- Effect of dronedarone vs. placebo on atrial fibrillation progression: a post hoc analysis from ATHENA trial.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2023Trial
- Attaining sinus rhythm mediates improved outcome with early rhythm control therapy of atrial fibrillation: the EAST-AFNET 4 trial.European heart journal · 2022Trial
- Generalizability of the EAST-AFNET 4 Trial: Assessing Outcomes of Early Rhythm-Control Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Trial
- Comparative outcomes of delta-on-delta and delta-on-highly cross-linked polyethylene bearings in total hip arthroplasty: a nationwide cohort study.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Article
- Comparative outcomes of Forte versus Delta ceramic bearings in total hip arthroplasty using a national database.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cement Use in Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty and Its Association With Cancer Risk.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Observational
- Hemoglobin Decline After Oral Anticoagulation Initiation and Subsequent Cancer Detection in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.JACC. CardioOncology · 2026Article
- Risk stratification of 1-year atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence after ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: ALADS-AF score.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Interaction between clinical and genetic risk of atrial fibrillation in the danish diet, cancer and health cohort.Open heart · 2026Article
- Prenatal computed tomography (CT) and risk of congenital heart disease and cerebral palsy: A nationwide mother-child paired cohort study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Left atrial strain compared to volume in long-term flecainide treated patients with atrial fibrillation - a retrospective cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Smart Optogenetics for Real-Time Automated Control of Cardiac Electrical Activity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate whether the results of a rhythm control strategy differ according to the duration between diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and treatment initiation.
designLongitudinal observational cohort study.
settingPopulation based cohort from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database.
participants22 635 adults with atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular conditions, newly treated with rhythm control (antiarrhythmic drugs or ablation) or rate control strategies between 28 July 2011 and 31 December 2015.
main outcome measureA composite outcome of death from cardiovascular causes, ischaemic stroke, admission to hospital for heart failure, or acute myocardial infarction.
resultsOf the study population, 12 200 (53.9%) were male, the median age was 70, and the median follow-up duration was 2.1 years. Among patients with early treatment for atrial fibrillation (initiated within one year since diagnosis), compared with rate control, rhythm control was associated with a lower risk of the primary composite outcome (weighted incidence rate per 100 person years 7.42 in rhythm control
conclusionsEarly initiation of rhythm control treatment was associated with a lower risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes than rate control treatment in patients with recently diagnosed atrial fibrillation. This association was not found in patients who had had atrial fibrillation for more than one year.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.